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Hepatitis C virus infection among maintenance hemodialysis patients: a preventable problem of the world

K Okuda1, H Hayashi

  • 1Department of Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, Chuo- ku, Chiha, Japan.

Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology : Official Journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology Association
|October 30, 2009
PubMed

Insights

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is common in hemodialysis patients due to nosocomial transmission. Preventive measures like sterile gloves and staff education can reduce HCV spread in dialysis units.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is prevalent in hemodialysis patients with chronic renal failure.
  • Anti-HCV positivity rates range from 18% to 91% globally, indicating a significant public health concern.
  • Transmission occurs not only through blood transfusions but also via preventable nosocomial routes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the primary routes of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission in hemodialysis patients.
  • To recommend effective preventive strategies to mitigate nosocomial spread of HCV in dialysis settings.
  • To discuss the implications of HCV prevalence on patient management within dialysis units.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on HCV transmission in hemodialysis.
  • Analysis of potential virus entry points during dialysis procedures.
  • Evaluation of recommended infection control practices.

Main Results:

  • The arterial and venous needle insertion sites are identified as the most probable entry points for HCV, due to repeated contact.
  • Implementing sterile gloves and disinfectant use before needle handling are crucial preventive measures.
  • Regular staff education on infection control protocols is essential for reducing transmission.

Conclusions:

  • Nosocomial transmission of HCV is a significant factor in hemodialysis patients and can be prevented.
  • Strict adherence to infection control protocols, including sterile techniques and staff training, is vital.
  • Patient isolation strategies should be based on the specific HCV prevalence within the dialysis unit.

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