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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
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Measurements of Waves in a Wind-wave Tank Under Steady and Time-varying Wind Forcing
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Published on: February 13, 2018

Stellar scintillations as a remote atmospheric wave-front sensor.

E N Ribak, E Gershnik, M Cheselka

    Optics Letters
    |October 30, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary

    Stellar scintillations, typically seen as noise, can now offer direct atmospheric structure insights. This novel approach aims to enhance adaptive optics field of view by analyzing turbulence patterns.

    Area of Science:

    • Astronomy and Astrophysics
    • Atmospheric Science
    • Optical Engineering

    Background:

    • Stellar scintillations are traditionally treated as noise in adaptive-optics (AO) systems.
    • Current AO calibration methods utilize scintillation measurements solely for system adjustment.
    • High-altitude atmospheric turbulence significantly impacts astronomical observations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose a novel method for utilizing stellar scintillations to gain direct atmospheric structure information.
    • To investigate the potential of scintillation patterns for improving adaptive optics performance.
    • To enhance the field of view achievable with adaptive optics systems.

    Main Methods:

    • Analyzing scintillation patterns as a representation of atmospheric turbulence.

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  • Viewing scintillation patterns as the Laplacian of the atmospheric turbulence.
  • Inverting scintillation patterns to estimate the structure of high-altitude turbulence.

    • Main Results:

    • Demonstrated that scintillation patterns contain direct, instantaneous information about atmospheric structure.
    • Proposed a method to invert scintillation patterns to estimate turbulence.
    • Identified limitations including reference star properties, turbulence distribution, and detector characteristics.

    Conclusions:

    • Stellar scintillations can be repurposed from noise to a valuable data source for atmospheric characterization.
    • This technique offers a pathway to increase the effective field of view in adaptive optics.
    • Further research is needed to optimize measurement parameters and inversion algorithms.