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Related Concept Videos

Viral Structure00:56

Viral Structure

Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the generated carbocation,...
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Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles01:32

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Coat Assembly and GTPases01:33

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Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly01:19

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As part of their replication cycle, certain viruses synthesize long precursor proteins called polyproteins within infected host cells. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), two major polyproteins are produced: Gag and Gag-Pol. The Gag polyprotein supplies the structural components of the virus, while Gag-Pol includes essential viral enzymes such as reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease. After synthesis, these polyproteins move to the host cell membrane, where they assemble into an...

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Combined Genetic and Chemical Capsid Modifications of Adenovirus-Based Gene Transfer Vectors for Shielding and Targeting
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CCMV capsid formation induced by a functional negatively charged polymer.

Inge J Minten1, Yujie Ma, Mark A Hempenius

  • 1Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry
|October 30, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Researchers encapsulated a charged polymer, polyferrocenylsilane (PFS), within cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) proteins. This created novel 18 nm particles with modified redox properties, demonstrating a new method for nanomaterial development.

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Published on: May 27, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • The development of novel nanomaterials with tailored properties is crucial for advanced applications.
  • Virus-like particles (VLPs) offer a biocompatible and tunable platform for encapsulating various payloads.
  • Polyferrocenylsilanes (PFS) are redox-active polymers with potential in electronic and catalytic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To encapsulate a negatively charged polyelectrolyte, polyferrocenylsilane (PFS), within the capsid proteins of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV).
  • To characterize the resulting hybrid nanoparticles and evaluate their structural and electrochemical properties.
  • To explore the potential of CCMV capsids as a host for functional inorganic polymers.

Main Methods:

  • Self-assembly of CCMV capsid proteins around PFS polyelectrolytes.
  • Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) for size and monodispersity analysis.
  • Cyclic voltammetry (CV) to assess the redox properties of the encapsulated PFS.

Main Results:

  • Successfully formed monodisperse hybrid nanoparticles with an average size of 18 nm.
  • The encapsulated PFS retained its redox activity within the CCMV capsid.
  • The redox properties of the encapsulated PFS were altered compared to the parent PFS material, indicating an interaction with the protein environment.

Conclusions:

  • CCMV capsid proteins can effectively encapsulate PFS polyelectrolytes, creating well-defined hybrid nanoparticles.
  • The encapsulation process preserves the functional redox activity of PFS while modifying its electrochemical behavior.
  • This work presents a viable strategy for creating novel hybrid organic-inorganic nanomaterials with potential applications in sensing and catalysis.