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Related Concept Videos

Xylem and Transpiration-driven Transport of Resources02:03

Xylem and Transpiration-driven Transport of Resources

The xylem of vascular plants distributes water and dissolved minerals that are taken up by the roots to the rest of the plant. The cells that transport xylem sap are dead upon maturity, and the movement of xylem sap is a passive process.
Plant Tissues01:18

Plant Tissues

Plants are multicellular eukaryotes with tissue systems made of various cell types that carry out specific functions. Different tissues work together to perform a unique function and form an organ. Organs working together form organ systems. Vascular plants have two distinct organ systems: a shoot system and a root system. The shoot system consists of two portions: the vegetative (non-reproductive) parts of the plant, such as the leaves and the stems, and the reproductive parts of the plant,...
Plant Cells and Tissues02:01

Plant Cells and Tissues

Plant tissues are collections of similar cells performing related functions. Different plant tissues will have their own specialized roles and can be combined with other tissues to form organs such as flowers, fruit, stem, and leaves. Two major types of plant tissue include meristematic and permanent tissue.Meristematic tissue, the primary growth tissue in plants, is capable of self-renewal and indefinite cell division. Every cell in the plant originates from a meristem. Meristematic tissue is...
Plant Cell Wall02:43

Plant Cell Wall

The plant cell wall gives plant cells shape, support, and protection. As a cell matures, its cell wall specializes according to the cell type. For example, the parenchyma cells of leaves possess only a thin, primary cell wall.Collenchyma and sclerenchyma cells, on the other hand, mainly occur in the outer layers of a plant's stems and leaves. These cells provide the plant with strength and support by either partially thickening their primary cell wall (i.e., collenchyma), or depositing a...
Plant Cell Wall01:07

Plant Cell Wall

Plant cells have a cell wall, a rigid outer covering that protects the cell and provides shape and support. During cell division, a mixture of enzymes, proteins, and glucose molecules is transported via vesicles to the center of the cell. These vesicles continuously fuse and build a cell plate between the dividing cells. As the cell plate matures, new polysaccharides are added to it to form the cell walls of the daughter cells. The predominant polysaccharide in the cell wall is cellulose, made...
Animal and Plant Cell Structure01:30

Animal and Plant Cell Structure

Animal and plant cells not only differ in their structure, function, and mode of nutrition but also in how they reproduce, specialize, and organize into complex structures.
Cell Division
Though both plant and animal cells divide by mitosis (for non-gametic cells) and meiosis (for gametic cells), they differ in the specifics of this process. Unlike animal cells, plant cells lack centrosomes — an organelle responsible for organizing the spindle fibers and segregating the chromosomes during cell...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Xylem Water Distribution in Woody Plants Visualized with a Cryo-scanning Electron Microscope
10:47

Xylem Water Distribution in Woody Plants Visualized with a Cryo-scanning Electron Microscope

Published on: June 20, 2019

THE FINE STRUCTURE OF DIFFERENTIATING XYLEM ELEMENTS.

J Cronshaw1, G B Bouck

  • 1Department of Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.

The Journal of Cell Biology
|October 30, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Microtubules in oat coleoptile xylem elements guide cell wall thickening. These microtubules, alongside dictyosomes and endoplasmic reticulum, are crucial for cell wall deposition and microfibril orientation during differentiation.

Area of Science:

  • Plant Cell Biology
  • Plant Anatomy
  • Xylem Differentiation

Background:

  • Xylem elements are vital for water transport in plants.
  • Understanding xylem differentiation is key to plant development and function.
  • The ultrastructure of differentiating xylem has been investigated using advanced microscopy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the ultrastructure of differentiating xylem elements in Avena coleoptiles.
  • To elucidate the role of cytoplasmic components and microtubules in xylem cell wall formation.
  • To correlate morphological observations with potential functions in cell wall deposition.

Main Methods:

  • Light and electron microscopy were employed for detailed structural analysis.
  • Specific fixation techniques using osmium tetroxide and glutaraldehyde were utilized.

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A Technical Perspective in Modern Tree-ring Research - How to Overcome Dendroecological and Wood Anatomical Challenges

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Xylem Water Distribution in Woody Plants Visualized with a Cryo-scanning Electron Microscope
10:47

Xylem Water Distribution in Woody Plants Visualized with a Cryo-scanning Electron Microscope

Published on: June 20, 2019

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Using High Resolution Computed Tomography to Visualize the Three Dimensional Structure and Function of Plant Vasculature

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A Technical Perspective in Modern Tree-ring Research - How to Overcome Dendroecological and Wood Anatomical Challenges

Published on: March 5, 2015

  • Observation of cell wall thickening and cytoplasmic components, including microtubules and organelles.

    • Main Results:

    • Localized secondary wall thickenings identified differentiating xylem elements.
    • Dense cytoplasm contained numerous dictyosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum.
    • Microtubules were abundant and oriented parallel to microfibrils in wall thickenings.
    • Vesicles with electron-opaque contents were observed associated with dictyosomes.

    Conclusions:

    • Morphological association of microtubules with developing thickenings suggests a functional role in microfibril orientation.
    • Dictyosomes and endoplasmic reticulum likely contribute to the synthesis of cell wall components.
    • The study provides insights into the cellular mechanisms of xylem development.