Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions

Type II hypersensitivity involves IgG and IgM antibodies targeting cell surface antigens, leading to cell destruction. This can occur through complement activation, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), or acting as opsonins for phagocytosis. When excessive, these reactions cause significant tissue damage.Drug-induced hemolytic anemia is a common example, where drugs like penicillin or cephalosporins bind to red blood cells, forming drug-protein complexes. These complexes...

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Nobel laureates' letter to President Bush.

The Washington post·2002

Same author

Three-dimensional prenatal diagnosis of frontonasal malformation and unilateral cleft lip/palate.

Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology·2002

Same author

Isolated major congenital heart disease.

Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology·2001

Same author

Variation in fetal femur length with respect to maternal race.

Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine·2001

Same author

Isolated polydactyly: prenatal diagnosis and perinatal outcome.

Prenatal diagnosis·2000

Same author

The prognostic significance of hyperextension of the fetal head detected antenatally with ultrasound.

Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology·2000

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Interrogating Individual Autoreactive Germinal Centers by Photoactivation in a Mixed Chimeric Model of Autoimmunity

Interrogating Individual Autoreactive Germinal Centers by Photoactivation in a Mixed Chimeric Model of Autoimmunity

Published on: April 11, 2019

SENSITIZATION TO DENATURED AUTOLOGOUS GAMMA GLOBULIN.

R T McCluskey¹, F Miller, B Benacerraf

¹Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York.

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

|October 30, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Immunization with denatured gamma globulin induces immune responses in guinea pigs and rabbits. The type of immune response, whether delayed hypersensitivity or antibody production, depends on the denaturation method and species.

More Related Videos

Induction of Alloantigen-specific Anergy in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells by Alloantigen Stimulation with Co-stimulatory Signal Blockade

Induction of Alloantigen-specific Anergy in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells by Alloantigen Stimulation with Co-stimulatory Signal Blockade

Published on: March 14, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Interrogating Individual Autoreactive Germinal Centers by Photoactivation in a Mixed Chimeric Model of Autoimmunity

Interrogating Individual Autoreactive Germinal Centers by Photoactivation in a Mixed Chimeric Model of Autoimmunity

Published on: April 11, 2019

Induction of Alloantigen-specific Anergy in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells by Alloantigen Stimulation with Co-stimulatory Signal Blockade

Induction of Alloantigen-specific Anergy in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells by Alloantigen Stimulation with Co-stimulatory Signal Blockade

Published on: March 14, 2011

Area of Science:

Immunology
Allergy Research

Background:

Gamma globulin, a key protein in the immune system, can elicit immune responses when altered.
Understanding immune reactions to modified proteins is crucial for developing safe and effective immunotherapies.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the immunogenicity of denatured autologous gamma globulin in guinea pigs and rabbits.
To determine how different denaturation methods affect immune responses.

Main Methods:

Guinea pigs and rabbits were immunized with autologous gamma globulin subjected to various denaturation processes (alkaline, urea, ultrasound, heat, freeze-thaw).
Delayed hypersensitivity reactions in guinea pigs and circulating antibody production in rabbits were assessed.

Main Results:

Alkaline denaturation of autologous gamma globulin induced delayed hypersensitivity in guinea pigs, with occasional cross-reactivity to heterologous gamma globulin.
Other denaturation methods rarely induced sensitivity to the immunizing material but often led to reactivity against heterologous gamma globulin.
Rabbits produced circulating antibodies against denatured autologous gamma globulin, particularly after alkaline denaturation, and also against heterologous gamma globulin.

Conclusions:

The method of gamma globulin denaturation significantly influences the type and specificity of immune responses in different animal models.
Immune responses are directed towards altered forms of gamma globulin, highlighting the role of protein modification in antigenicity.