Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery01:19

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery

Here is a stepwise guide to assessing the body temperature at the temporal artery using a temporal artery thermometer
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
Step 2: Explain the procedure to the patient to establish trust. Clear communication establishes trust with the patient, ensures they understand what to expect, promotes cooperation, and enhances comfort during the procedure.  
Step 3: Assess the patient's forehead...
Diencephalon: Hypothalamus and Coordination01:23

Diencephalon: Hypothalamus and Coordination

The hypothalamus is a small yet highly complex and essential brain region that plays a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions. Anatomically, it is located at the base of the brain, just above the brainstem and below the thalamus, forming part of the limbic system.
The hypothalamus interacts with other brain regions, including the pituitary gland, through a direct physical connection called the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. The hypothalamus receives somatic and visceral inputs and...
Diencephalon: Anatomical Regions01:30

Diencephalon: Anatomical Regions

The diencephalon, etymologically translated as 'through brain,' plays an integral role as the conduit between the cerebrum and the vast extent of the nervous system. However, the olfactory system is an exception, as it interfaces directly with the cerebrum. The diencephalon, deeply ensconced beneath the cerebrum, primarily consists of three paired structures — the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithelamus. It also includes accessory structures such as the subthalamus, which houses the subthalamic...
Diencephalon: Thalamus and Information Relay01:27

Diencephalon: Thalamus and Information Relay

The thalamus, often called “the gateway to the cerebral cortex,” is vital in processing and directing sensory and motor signals throughout the brain. Almost all inputs destined for the cerebral cortex, except for olfactory signals, are relayed through the thalamus. The thalamus is  a sophisticated relay station, channeling information from various brain regions to the cerebral cortex, as well as a filter, prioritizing certain signals over others based on current physiological states or needs.
Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion01:17

Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion

Understanding and evaluating diffusion and perfusion is critical in assessing a patient's respiratory and circulatory health. These processes play key roles in maintaining the body's internal environment, ensuring that tissues receive adequate oxygen while waste products are efficiently removed.
The Role of Diffusion in Respiration
Diffusion is the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. In the respiratory system, this principle...
Functional Brain Systems: Reticular Formation01:13

Functional Brain Systems: Reticular Formation

The reticular formation is a complex network of gray and white matter located within the brainstem extending from the medulla to the midbrain.
Within the reticular formation, there are several distinct nuclei that can be classified into three broad categories. The Raphe nuclei are located along the midline of the brainstem. They are primarily known for their role in synthesizing and releasing serotonin, a neurotransmitter involved in regulating mood, appetite, sleep, and circadian rhythms. The...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Self-Rated Frailty and Mortality in Old Men: The Manitoba Follow-up Study.

The Journal of frailty & aging·2020
Same author

An analysis of brain abscesses observed during the past thirty years.

Annals of surgery·2010
Same author

Two important post-war problems in neurological surgery.

Diseases of the nervous system·2010
Same author

Chronic leptomeningitis and ependymitis caused by Ustilago, probably U. zeae (corn smut).

The American journal of pathology·2010
Same author

Abnormal delay of visual perception.

Archives of neurology and psychiatry·2010
Same author

An analysis of brain abscesses observed during the past thirty years.

Transactions of the Southern Surgical Association. Southern Surgical Association (U.S.)·2010

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Real-Time Monitoring of Neurocritical Patients with Diffuse Optical Spectroscopies
07:12

Real-Time Monitoring of Neurocritical Patients with Diffuse Optical Spectroscopies

Published on: November 19, 2020

ON THE RELATION OF THE OPTIC THALAMUS TO RESPIRATION, CIRCULATION, TEMPERATURE, AND THE SPLEEN.

E Sachs1

  • 1Department of Physiological Chemistry, Cornell University, New York.

The Journal of Experimental Medicine
|October 30, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Stimulating the optic thalamus affects respiration and blood pressure, with spleen volume changes linked to blood pressure shifts. These responses originate from afferent pathways, not specialized centers.

More Related Videos

Dual-mode Imaging of Cutaneous Tissue Oxygenation and Vascular Function
11:35

Dual-mode Imaging of Cutaneous Tissue Oxygenation and Vascular Function

Published on: December 8, 2010

Simultaneous Evaluation of Cerebral Hemodynamics and Light Scattering Properties of the In Vivo Rat Brain Using Multispectral Diffuse Reflectance Imaging
07:06

Simultaneous Evaluation of Cerebral Hemodynamics and Light Scattering Properties of the In Vivo Rat Brain Using Multispectral Diffuse Reflectance Imaging

Published on: May 7, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Real-Time Monitoring of Neurocritical Patients with Diffuse Optical Spectroscopies
07:12

Real-Time Monitoring of Neurocritical Patients with Diffuse Optical Spectroscopies

Published on: November 19, 2020

Dual-mode Imaging of Cutaneous Tissue Oxygenation and Vascular Function
11:35

Dual-mode Imaging of Cutaneous Tissue Oxygenation and Vascular Function

Published on: December 8, 2010

Simultaneous Evaluation of Cerebral Hemodynamics and Light Scattering Properties of the In Vivo Rat Brain Using Multispectral Diffuse Reflectance Imaging
07:06

Simultaneous Evaluation of Cerebral Hemodynamics and Light Scattering Properties of the In Vivo Rat Brain Using Multispectral Diffuse Reflectance Imaging

Published on: May 7, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Physiology

Background:

  • The optic thalamus plays a role in regulating physiological functions.
  • Previous research indicated specific regions of the thalamus are involved in these regulations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of stimulating various regions of the optic thalamus on respiration and blood pressure.
  • To determine if specific areas within the thalamus are solely responsible for these physiological changes.

Main Methods:

  • Electrical stimulation of different parts of the optic thalamus in experimental subjects.
  • Monitoring of respiration rate, blood pressure, and spleen volume.
  • Correlation of stimulation sites with observed physiological responses.

Main Results:

  • Stimulation of a large portion of the optic thalamus induced changes in respiration and blood pressure.
  • Spleen volume variations were observed only with significant blood pressure changes.
  • Specific afferent pathways, including the fillet and superior cerebellar peduncle, and areas connected to the vagus nucleus, were associated with these responses.
  • Certain regions, like the median nucleus, remained unresponsive.

Conclusions:

  • Physiological changes in respiration and blood pressure result from stimulating widespread areas of the optic thalamus, not isolated centers.
  • The observed phenomena are consistent with stimulation of sensory pathways leading to medullary nuclei.
  • There is no need to postulate the existence of specialized centers for these functions within the thalamus.