Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Liver Physiology

Liver Physiology

The liver, an essential organ in the human body, performs over 200 vital functions that can be broadly categorized into metabolic, hematological, endocrine regulation, and bile production.
Metabolic Regulation:
The liver is the central organ involved in regulating blood composition. It stabilizes blood glucose levels, maintaining them within the range of 70–110 mg/dL. When these levels drop, the liver breaks down glycogen reserves and releases glucose into the bloodstream. It can also...

Liver Histology

Liver Histology

The microscopic anatomy of the liver is a complex and intricate system that comprises numerous structural units known as liver lobules, each of which is comparable in size to a sesame seed. These hexagonal structures consist of plates of liver cells or hepatocytes, which are characterized by their versatility and abundance of cellular apparatus like rough and smooth ER, Golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, and mitochondria.
Hepatocytes perform a variety of essential functions. They secrete...

Pancreas

Pancreas

The pancreas, an essential organ in the human body, is a pinkish-gray elongated structure located posterior to the stomach. It extends laterally from the duodenum towards the spleen and is firmly bound to the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity. The organ's surface has a lumpy, lobular texture that gives it a unique appearance.
The broad head of the pancreas lies within the loop formed by the duodenum, while its slender body reaches towards the spleen. The tail of the pancreas is short and...

Major Organs of the Digestive System

Major Organs of the Digestive System

The digestive system is responsible for the ingestion of food, secretion of enzymes, mixing and digesting food, absorption of the nutrients and defecation. The human digestive system consists of two major parts: the gastrointestinal tract and the accessory digestive organs.
Gastrointestinal tract:

Structures of the Endocrine System

Structures of the Endocrine System

The intricate framework of the endocrine system encompasses a diverse array of glands, with their target tissues and organs strategically distributed throughout the body. Central to this network are the endocrine glands, specialized structures that lack ducts and release hormones directly into the interstitial fluid. Notably, the hypothalamus, a vital neuroendocrine organ situated in the brain, governs neural functions and serves as a potent source of hormonal regulation. Near the hypothalamus...

Liver Regeneration

Liver Regeneration

The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
Cells of Liver
The liver comprises four major types of cells— hepatocytes, stellate, Kupffer, and sinusoidal endothelial cells. The hepatocytes are large...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Effects of inflammation (turpentine abscess) on iron absorption.

Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (New York, N.Y.)·2010

Same author

Hemoglobin and plasma protein production; various proteins, concentrates, and digests influence blood protein production in anemia and hypoproteinemia.

The Journal of experimental medicine·2010

Same author

Amino acids in the production of plasma protein and nitrogen balance.

The American journal of the medical sciences·2010

Same author

Blood protein regeneration and interrelation.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·2010

Same author

Muscle Hemoglobin in Human Autopsy Material.

The American journal of pathology·2009

Same author

THE PRESENCE OF A WEAK HEMOLYSIN IN THE HOOK WORM AND ITS RELATION TO THE ANEMIA OF UNCINARIASIS.

The Journal of experimental medicine·2009

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

DUCT: Double Resin Casting followed by Micro-Computed Tomography for 3D Liver Analysis

DUCT: Double Resin Casting followed by Micro-Computed Tomography for 3D Liver Analysis

Published on: September 28, 2021

LIVER FUNCTION AS INFLUENCED BY THE DUCTLESS GLANDS.

G H Whipple¹, P W Christman

¹Hunterian Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore.

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

|October 30, 2009

Summary

Phenoltetrachlorphthalein excretion indicates liver function. Liver injury or ductless gland insufficiency, such as adrenal or pancreatic, reduces phthalein output, signaling decreased liver capacity.

Area of Science:

Hepatology
Endocrinology
Physiology

Background:

Phenoltetrachlorphthalein is eliminated by the liver via bile.
Normal liver phthalein excretion is consistent in dogs.
Liver injury or dysfunction can be assessed by measuring phthalein excretion.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the relationship between liver function and phenoltetrachlorphthalein excretion.
To determine the impact of various physiological and pathological conditions on liver phthalein excretion.

Main Methods:

Intravenous injection of phenoltetrachlorphthalein in dogs.
Collection and extraction of phthalein from feces.
Quantitative estimation of phthalein using a colorimeter.
Induction of liver injury (chloroform, phosphorus) and endocrine gland insufficiency (adrenal, pancreas, parathyroid, thyroid, hypophysis).

More Related Videos

Determining Bile Duct Density in the Mouse Liver

Determining Bile Duct Density in the Mouse Liver

Published on: April 30, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

DUCT: Double Resin Casting followed by Micro-Computed Tomography for 3D Liver Analysis

DUCT: Double Resin Casting followed by Micro-Computed Tomography for 3D Liver Analysis

Published on: September 28, 2021

Determining Bile Duct Density in the Mouse Liver

Determining Bile Duct Density in the Mouse Liver

Published on: April 30, 2019

Main Results:

Liver injury (parenchymal or vascular) and certain endocrine insufficiencies (adrenal, pancreatic, hypophysis) significantly decrease phthalein excretion.
The degree of phthalein excretion reduction correlates with the severity of liver injury.
Parathyroid insufficiency did not decrease, and sometimes increased, phthalein output.
Thyroid insufficiency showed no effect on phthalein excretion.

Conclusions:

Phenoltetrachlorphthalein excretion serves as a sensitive indicator of liver functional capacity.
Disturbances in ductless gland function are closely linked to altered liver function.
This method can detect decreased liver function even without detectable histological changes.