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A NOTE ON THE PRODUCTION OF ANTIPNEUMOCOCCUS SERA.

A B Wadsworth1, M B Kirkbride

  • 1Division of Laboratories and Research of the New York State Department of Health, Albany.

The Journal of Experimental Medicine
|October 30, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Horse immunization against pneumococcus types I and II yields protective serum. Type III serum aids in differentiating pneumococcus strains and offers prompt agglutination without prior organism treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology and Immunology
  • Bacteriology
  • Vaccine Development

Background:

  • Pneumococcus infections pose significant public health challenges.
  • Development of effective antiserum is crucial for treating pneumococcal infections.
  • Standardization of antiserum potency is necessary for clinical application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the protective efficacy of antisera generated from horses immunized with different pneumococcus types (I, II, and III).
  • To establish a minimum standard for pneumococcus antiserum potency for therapeutic use.
  • To assess the diagnostic utility of Type III pneumococcus antiserum.

Main Methods:

  • Immunization of horses with virulent strains of Type I, Type II, and Type III pneumococci.

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  • Determination of serum protective titers through mouse protection assays using varying volumes of virulent cultures.
  • Comparison of experimentally derived antisera with reference samples from The Rockefeller Institute Hospital.
  • Evaluation of Type III antiserum's ability to agglutinate pneumococcus organisms without prior capsule removal.

    • Main Results:

    • Type I pneumococcus antiserum demonstrated high protective efficacy, with 0.1 cc. protecting against 0.5 cc. of virulent culture.
    • Type II pneumococcus antiserum showed variable but significant protective activity in mice.
    • Antisera from Types I and II, produced using different culture methods, exhibited comparable protective titers.
    • Type III pneumococcus antiserum provided moderate protection and achieved prompt agglutination of homologous organisms, simplifying diagnostic procedures.

    Conclusions:

    • A minimum standard of 0.1 cc. of pneumococcus antiserum protecting mice against at least 0.2 cc. of virulent culture is recommended for therapeutic use.
    • Further research into immunization methods may yield more potent antisera.
    • Type III pneumococcus antiserum is a valuable diagnostic tool for differentiating pneumococcus strains and facilitates rapid identification without pre-treatment.