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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...
Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

Overview
Antibody Structure01:10

Antibody Structure

Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...
Determinants of Bacterial Pathogenicity and Virulence01:20

Determinants of Bacterial Pathogenicity and Virulence

Pathogenic bacteria employ a variety of strategies to establish infections, including the secretion of extracellular enzymes that act as potent virulence factors. These enzymes facilitate bacterial colonization of host tissues and help evade immune surveillance. By targeting structural components of host tissues and interfering with immune mechanisms, these enzymes play a pivotal role in disease progression.Extracellular Enzymes Facilitating Tissue Invasion: Several bacterial pathogens secrete...
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice
07:49

Measuring Local Anaphylaxis in Mice

Published on: October 14, 2014

STUDIES ON BACTERIAL ANAPHYLAXIS AND INFECTION.

H Zinsser1, J T Parker

  • 1Department of Bacteriology of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York.

The Journal of Experimental Medicine
|October 30, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bacterial anaphylaxis involves tissue sensitization over several days, analogous to serum anaphylaxis. Injury mechanisms in infectious diseases involve antigen-antibody reactions within cells or intravascularly, with circulating antibodies playing a protective role.

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

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Published on: October 14, 2014

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04:34

Mouse Body Temperature Measurement Using Infrared Thermometer During Passive Systemic Anaphylaxis and Food Allergy Evaluation

Published on: September 14, 2018

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Published on: May 31, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Bacterial anaphylaxis shares similarities with serum anaphylaxis, requiring several days for tissue sensitization.
  • Whole bacteria or cells do not directly elicit reactions; soluble bacterial components are necessary.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze bacterial anaphylaxis and its relationship to infectious disease processes.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms of cellular and intravascular injury in bacterial infections.

Main Methods:

  • Experiments involving guinea pig sensitization and isolated uterus reactions.
  • Analysis of complement fixation for bacterial antigen release.
  • Observation of reactions in both sensitized and normal animals following antigen injection.

Main Results:

  • Tissue sensitization takes 3-5 days, similar to serum anaphylaxis.
  • Injury in sensitized animals involves intracellular antigen-antibody reactions.
  • Normal animals can experience acute shock from antigen injection, suggesting intravascular reactions.
  • Circulating antibodies appear to protect by removing bacteria and neutralizing antigen.

Conclusions:

  • Bacterial anaphylaxis involves both intracellular and intravascular injury mechanisms.
  • Circulating antibodies primarily function to prevent bacterial disintegration and antigen release.
  • Tissue hypersusceptibility may persist after infection resolution, with its relation to immunity requiring further study.