Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Diagnosing Acidosis and Alkalosis

Diagnosing Acidosis and Alkalosis

Diagnosing acid-base imbalances involves systematically analyzing arterial blood samples, focusing on three key measurements: pH, bicarbonate (HCO3−) concentration, and carbon dioxide partial pressure (PCO2). This analysis follows a four-step process that helps identify the imbalance's underlying cause and nature.
First, the pH level is assessed to determine whether the blood pH is normal (7.35–7.45), low (acidosis), or high (alkalosis).
Next, the PCO2 and HCO3− values are examined to...

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...

Respiratory Regulation of Acid-Base Balance

Respiratory Regulation of Acid-Base Balance

Respiratory compensation is a vital physiological process that stabilizes blood plasma pH by regulating the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), a key determinant of pH levels. Most carbon dioxide in the blood dissolves and converts into carbonic acid (H2CO3). It dissociates into hydrogen ions (H+) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3⁻). There is also an inverse relationship between PCO2 and pH.
When carbon dioxide levels increase in the blood, more H+ and HCO3⁻ are produced, leading to a...

Acute Respiratory Failure-III

Acute Respiratory Failure-III

Hypercapnic respiratory failure, also known as Type 2 or ventilatory respiratory failure, is a severe condition characterized by the body's inability to effectively remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream. It leads to an arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) exceeding 45 mmHg and a blood pH above 7.35. This situation indicates that the body's ventilatory demand, or the ventilation needed to maintain normal PaCO2 levels, surpasses its supply or the maximum gas flow achievable without causing...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

STUDIES ON THE REGULATION OF OSMOTIC PRESSURE : I. THE EFFECT OF INCREASING CONCENTRATIONS OF GELATIN ON THE CONDUCTIVITY OF A SODIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION.

The Journal of general physiology·2009

Same author

STUDIES ON THE REGULATION OF OSMOTIC PRESSURE : II. THE EFFECT OF INCREASING CONCENTRATIONS OF ALBUMIN ON THE CONDUCTIVITY OF A SODIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION.

The Journal of general physiology·2009

Same author

ON THE EQUILIBRIUM CONDITION BETWEEN BLOOD SERUM AND SEROUS CAVITY FLUIDS.

The Journal of general physiology·2009

Same author

Recent Contributions in Diseases of the Thyroid and Diabetes.

Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine·2009

Same author

Metabolism in Hyperthyroidism and Hypothyroidism.

Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine·2009

Same author

The internist, past, present and future.

Annals of internal medicine·1949

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Methods for Detecting Cytotoxic Amyloids Following Infection of Pulmonary Endothelial Cells by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Methods for Detecting Cytotoxic Amyloids Following Infection of Pulmonary Endothelial Cells by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Published on: July 12, 2018

ACIDOSIS AND ACID EXCRETION IN PNEUMONIA.

¹Hospital of The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research.

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

|October 30, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Patients with acute lobar pneumonia excrete significant urinary organic acids. However, the study found that severe acidosis, indicated by plasma carbon dioxide levels, is rare in these patients.

More Related Videos

Open Tracheostomy Gastric Acid Aspiration Murine Model of Acute Lung Injury Results in Maximal Acute Nonlethal Lung Injury

Open Tracheostomy Gastric Acid Aspiration Murine Model of Acute Lung Injury Results in Maximal Acute Nonlethal Lung Injury

Published on: February 26, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Methods for Detecting Cytotoxic Amyloids Following Infection of Pulmonary Endothelial Cells by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Methods for Detecting Cytotoxic Amyloids Following Infection of Pulmonary Endothelial Cells by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Published on: July 12, 2018

Open Tracheostomy Gastric Acid Aspiration Murine Model of Acute Lung Injury Results in Maximal Acute Nonlethal Lung Injury

Open Tracheostomy Gastric Acid Aspiration Murine Model of Acute Lung Injury Results in Maximal Acute Nonlethal Lung Injury

Published on: February 26, 2017

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Internal Medicine
Pathophysiology

Background:

Acute lobar pneumonia is a severe respiratory infection.
Metabolic disturbances can accompany pneumonia.
Understanding acid-base balance is crucial in infectious diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the urinary excretion of organic acids in acute lobar pneumonia.
To assess the severity of acidosis in patients with acute lobar pneumonia.

Main Methods:

Analysis of urinary organic acid excretion.
Measurement of plasma combined carbon dioxide levels to determine acidosis.

Main Results:

A substantial amount of organic acid is excreted in the urine of pneumonia patients.
The urinary organic acid is free at a hydrogen ion concentration of 5.0.
Severe acidosis, based on plasma carbon dioxide, was infrequently observed.

Conclusions:

Urinary organic acid excretion is a notable finding in acute lobar pneumonia.
Despite urinary acid excretion, systemic acidosis is typically not severe in these patients.