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Related Concept Videos

Intestinal Obstruction I: Introduction01:29

Intestinal Obstruction I: Introduction

Intestinal obstruction is a partial or complete blockage of the small or large intestine that disrupts the normal flow of intestinal contents through the lumen. This interruption impairs digestion, absorption, and fluid balance, and may lead to serious complications if not treated promptly.Mechanical ObstructionMechanical obstruction occurs when a physical blockage prevents intestinal contents from passing, arising from within the lumen or the bowel wall, or from external compression.Adhesions,...
Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment01:17

Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment

Renal dysfunction significantly impairs the renal clearance of drugs, leading to potential complications in drug therapy. Renal failure, which can be caused by various factors, poses a significant challenge in the elimination of drugs from the body.
One condition associated with renal failure is uremia. Uremia is characterized by impaired glomerular filtration and fluid accumulation in the body. This condition hinders the renal clearance of drugs, resulting in drug accumulation and potential...
Intestinal Obstruction II: Pathophysiology01:07

Intestinal Obstruction II: Pathophysiology

Intestinal obstruction triggers a series of physiological responses, starting with gas and fluid accumulation in the bowel segment proximal to the obstruction, leading to distension. This distended intestine compresses the diaphragm, hindering lung expansion and potentially leading to reduced respiratory effort, atelectasis, and pneumonia.To overcome the blockage, the gut intensifies contractions, causing colicky abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, which reduces fluid and food intake and...
Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

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Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments01:11

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In patients with renal impairment, drugs undergo significant changes in their pharmacokinetics, which require dosage adjustments to ensure safe and effective therapy.
Reduced renal clearance and elimination rate are common outcomes of renal impairment. These alterations lead to a prolonged elimination half-life and an altered apparent volume of distribution for drugs. As a result, dosage adjustments are typically necessary to maintain optimal drug levels in the body.
However, dosage adjustments...
Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Dose Adjustments Based on Drug Clearance and Elimination Rate Constant01:25

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Dose Adjustments Based on Drug Clearance and Elimination Rate Constant

In patients with renal disease, dosage adjustments are necessary to maintain therapeutic plasma drug concentrations and prevent toxicity or subtherapeutic exposure. Renal impairment alters drug pharmacokinetics, especially in conditions like uremia, where changes such as prolonged elimination half-life and altered apparent volume of distribution can significantly affect drug disposition. These changes require careful modification of the dosing regimen to achieve the desired clinical...

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Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction Model for Investigating Kidney Interstitial Fibrosis
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I. RENAL FUNCTION INFLUENCED BY INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION.

I McQuarrie1, G H Whipple

  • 1The George Williams Hooper Foundation for Medical Research, University of California Medical School, San Francisco.

The Journal of Experimental Medicine
|October 30, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intestinal obstruction causes kidney dysfunction, impacting waste excretion. This impairment, linked to toxic substances, indicates the severity of the condition and aids clinical management.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Intestinal obstruction is associated with significant systemic toxicity.
  • Kidney function impairment is a recognized complication but its mechanisms remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of intestinal obstruction on renal excretory function.
  • To elucidate the role of toxic substances in causing renal dysfunction during intestinal obstruction.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed renal excretory function through urea ratio, sodium chloride excretion, and phenolsulfonephthalein elimination.
  • Correlated renal function parameters with the clinical severity of intoxication.
  • Investigated the contribution of cellular protein breakdown products to blood non-protein nitrogen levels.

Main Results:

  • A definite impairment of kidney excretory function was observed in intestinal obstruction.
  • The degree of renal functional depression correlated with the intensity of clinical intoxication.
  • Decreased urea ratio and sodium chloride excretion were more pronounced than phenolsulfonephthalein elimination.
  • Increased blood non-protein nitrogen is partly due to retention of products from injured cell protein, not solely increased protein catabolism.
  • Evidence suggests toxic substances directly injure renal epithelium, causing functional impairment.

Conclusions:

  • Impaired renal function in intestinal obstruction is likely due to direct toxic effects on renal epithelium.
  • This renal injury provides strong evidence for the presence of toxic substances in the blood.
  • Kidney dysfunction during acute ileus is a crucial factor in clinical management and can indicate intoxication severity.