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Related Concept Videos

Cross-reactivity00:42

Cross-reactivity

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Affinity and Avidity01:41

Affinity and Avidity

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Antibody Actions01:26

Antibody Actions

Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, are critical players in the immune system's arsenal against invading pathogens. Produced by B cells and plasma cells, their primary role is to detect and bind to specific antigens, molecules found on the surface of pathogens like bacteria or viruses. Beyond antigen recognition, antibodies perform several vital functions that contribute to immune defense.
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Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
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Understanding an individual's blood group is a critical component of transfusion medicine. It ensures compatibility in blood transfusions, organ transplants, and even during pregnancy. Determining these blood groups involves the ABO and Rh blood typing systems, utilizing specific antigens and corresponding anti-sera to identify an individual's blood type.
Antigens are protein molecules that reside on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). The ABO and Rh blood typing systems target antigens A,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Determining the Reactivity and Titre of Serum using a Haemagglutination Assay
05:59

Determining the Reactivity and Titre of Serum using a Haemagglutination Assay

Published on: January 29, 2010

RELATION OF ANTIBODY AND ANTIGEN TO SERUM DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY.

G M Mackenzie1, W H Leake

  • 1Medical Clinic of the Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York.

The Journal of Experimental Medicine
|October 30, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study on serum therapy in 19 patients found that the body's immune response, specifically precipitin formation, correlates with serum sickness severity. Findings support serum disease as an antigen-antibody reaction.

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Determining the Reactivity and Titre of Serum using a Haemagglutination Assay
05:59

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Published on: January 29, 2010

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Determining the Phagocytic Activity of Clinical Antibody Samples
09:05

Determining the Phagocytic Activity of Clinical Antibody Samples

Published on: November 30, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Foreign serum administration for therapeutic purposes can lead to serum sickness.
  • Understanding the immunological mechanisms underlying serum sickness is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between precipitin and precipitinogen levels in circulation and the manifestation of serum sickness.
  • To categorize patients based on their immune response to foreign serum therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of precipitin and precipitinogen levels in the circulation of 19 patients receiving foreign serum.
  • Correlation of immunological findings with the onset, intensity, and duration of serum sickness symptoms.

Main Results:

  • Three patient groups were identified based on precipitin formation and serum sickness severity.
  • Good precipitin formers experienced severe serum sickness, with precipitinogen clearing as symptoms resolved.
  • Poor precipitin formers showed minimal serum sickness, with persistent precipitinogen for up to 67 days.

Conclusions:

  • Serum sickness is an antigen-antibody reaction.
  • The findings suggest a potential role for these immunological factors in natural immunity mechanisms.