Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid receptor...

Bacterial Toxins

Bacterial Toxins

Bacterial toxins are sophisticated virulence factors that enable pathogenic bacteria to interact with, invade, and damage host tissues. These toxins fall broadly into two types: protein exotoxins, which are secreted into the environment and target specific host receptors, and lipopolysaccharide endotoxins, which are structural components of the bacterial outer membrane released primarily during bacterial lysis or membrane shedding. Exotoxins generally act more selectively, binding to cell...

Cholera

Cholera

Cholera is an acute gastrointestinal disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It is transmitted primarily via the fecal-oral route through the ingestion of contaminated water or food.Vibrio cholerae is a motile, Gram-negative bacterium of the family Vibrionaceae, primarily associated with waterborne outbreaks in areas with inadequate sanitation. Although over 200 serogroups of V. cholerae exist, only O1 and O139 are responsible for epidemic cholera. The O1 serogroup,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Epidemic, primary virus infections of the central nervous system of man.

The American naturalist·2010

Same author

The use of the rodent-adapted MEF1 strain of human poliomyelitis in neutralization tests with serum of apparently normal African natives.

Journal of bacteriology·2010

Same author

Certain affections of the liver that arise spontaneously in so-called normal stock albino mice.

Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (New York, N.Y.)·2010

Same author

Enduring immunity following vaccination of mice with formalin-inactivated virus of Russian spring-summer (Far Eastern, tick-borne) encephalitis; correlation with serum-neutralizing and complement-fixing antibodies.

The Journal of experimental medicine·2010

Same author

Neutralization tests for diagnosis of human virus encephalitides.

Journal of the American Medical Association·2010

Same author

Tests for hepatic dysfunction of mice.

Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (New York, N.Y.)·2010

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Electricity-Free, Sequential Nucleic Acid and Protein Isolation

Electricity-Free, Sequential Nucleic Acid and Protein Isolation

Published on: May 15, 2012

SEPARATION OF THE TOXINS OF BACILLUS DYSENTERIAE SHIGA.

J E McCartney¹, P K Olitsky

¹Laboratories of The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research.

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

|October 30, 2009

Summary

Anaerobic conditions suppress exotoxin production in Bacillus dysenteriae Shiga, yielding pure endotoxin. Diffusion studies confirm the distinct neurotoxic exotoxin and enterotoxic endotoxin properties of Shiga bacillus.

Area of Science:

Microbiology
Toxicology
Bacteriology

Background:

Bacillus dysenteriae Shiga produces potent toxins.
Understanding the nature and separation of these toxins is crucial for developing targeted treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

To isolate and characterize the endotoxin of Bacillus dysenteriae Shiga.
To differentiate between the exotoxin (neurotoxin) and endotoxin (enterotoxin) of Shiga bacillus.

Main Methods:

Culturing Bacillus dysenteriae Shiga under anaerobic conditions to suppress exotoxin production.
Utilizing collodion sacs for in vitro and in vivo (intra-abdominal implantation in rabbits) diffusion studies.

Main Results:

Pure endotoxin was obtained directly from the culture by suppressing exotoxin-producing activity through anaerobiosis.

More Related Videos

Separation of the Cell Envelope for Gram-negative Bacteria into Inner and Outer Membrane Fractions with Technical Adjustments for Acinetobacter baumannii

Separation of the Cell Envelope for Gram-negative Bacteria into Inner and Outer Membrane Fractions with Technical Adjustments for Acinetobacter baumannii

Published on: April 10, 2020

Bile Salt-induced Biofilm Formation in Enteric Pathogens: Techniques for Identification and Quantification

Bile Salt-induced Biofilm Formation in Enteric Pathogens: Techniques for Identification and Quantification

Published on: May 6, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Electricity-Free, Sequential Nucleic Acid and Protein Isolation

Electricity-Free, Sequential Nucleic Acid and Protein Isolation

Published on: May 15, 2012

Separation of the Cell Envelope for Gram-negative Bacteria into Inner and Outer Membrane Fractions with Technical Adjustments for Acinetobacter baumannii

Separation of the Cell Envelope for Gram-negative Bacteria into Inner and Outer Membrane Fractions with Technical Adjustments for Acinetobacter baumannii

Published on: April 10, 2020

Bile Salt-induced Biofilm Formation in Enteric Pathogens: Techniques for Identification and Quantification

Bile Salt-induced Biofilm Formation in Enteric Pathogens: Techniques for Identification and Quantification

Published on: May 6, 2018

Diffusion studies provided evidence for the distinct properties of exotoxin (neurotoxin) and endotoxin (enterotoxin).

Conclusions:

Anaerobic culture is an effective method for producing pure Shiga bacillus endotoxin.
The study substantiates the dual nature of Shiga bacillus toxins, with distinct neurotoxic and enterotoxic activities.