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Embryonic Connective Tissues

Embryonic Connective Tissues

During early development, the embryo forms two types of connective tissues— the mesenchyme and mucoid connective tissue.
The mesenchyme is the first connective tissue that emerges in the developing embryo. It consists of loosely arranged multipotent mesenchymal cells and reticular fibers in the extracellular matrix. This loose arrangement allows easy migration of cells, which is essential for germ layer positioning, patterning, and organ morphogenesis during embryonic development. Mesenchyme is...

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their access...

Tissue Membranes

Tissue Membranes

A tissue membrane is a thin layer of cells that covers the outside of the body, the organs, internal passageways that lead to the exterior of the body, and the lining of the moveable joint cavities. There are two basic types of tissue membranes— connective tissue and epithelial membranes.
Connective Tissue Membranes
The connective tissue membrane is formed solely from connective tissue. These membranes encapsulate organs, such as the kidneys, and line our movable joints. A synovial membrane is...

Introduction to Connective Tissues

Introduction to Connective Tissues

Connective tissues are one of the four main tissue types in humans that are extensively present in the body. They are characterized by cells embedded in an extracellular matrix (ECM) composed of a ground substance and three main types of protein fibers— collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers. The ground substance of connective tissues can range from a watery and jelly-like consistency to mineralized and hard. The wide variety of cells in the connective tissues include fibroblasts, osteocytes,...

Gastrulation

Gastrulation

Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata will form...

Development of the Lymphatic System

Development of the Lymphatic System

The development of lymphatic tissues and vessels in embryonic life begins around the fifth week. These structures originate from the mesoderm layer, with lymph sacs emerging from developing veins.
The first lymph sacs to form are the paired jugular lymph sacs located at the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins. From these sacs, lymphatic capillary plexuses extend to the thorax, upper limbs, neck, and head, eventually forming lymphatic vessels. Each jugular lymph sac maintains a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Generation and Expansion of Primary, Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Tumor Lines

Generation and Expansion of Primary, Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Tumor Lines

Published on: April 21, 2022

MESENCHYME AND MESOTHELIUM.

¹Department of Embryology of Carnegie Institution of Washington, Johns Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore.

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

|October 30, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Embryonic chick heart mesenchymal cells transform into mesothelial cells, suggesting mesothelium arises from mesenchymal cell shape changes, not distinct differentiation. This finding impacts understanding wound healing in serous cavities.

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Area of Science:

Developmental Biology
Cell Biology
Histology

Background:

Mesenchymal cells are crucial for embryonic development.
Mesothelium lines serous cavities (peritoneal, pleural).
The origin of mesothelium and its role in wound repair are areas of ongoing research.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the transformation of mesenchymal cells into mesothelial cells in embryonic chick heart cultures.
To elucidate the cellular mechanisms underlying mesothelium formation and repair.

Main Methods:

Observation of migratory mesenchymal cells in embryonic chick heart cultures.
Analysis of cell morphology and structural characteristics.
Integration of findings with existing research on mesothelial wound healing.

Main Results:

Mesenchymal cells exhibit all stages of transformation into flat mesothelial forms.
Mesothelial cells differ from mesenchymal cells primarily in shape, not structure.
Mesothelium is proposed to be a form transformation of mesenchyme.

Conclusions:

Mesothelium is not a distinct tissue differentiated from mesenchyme but rather a change in cell form.
New mesothelium in serous cavity wound healing may originate from subjacent mesenchyme via cell shape transformation.
Mesothelial repair after abrasions may involve mesenchymal transformation, differing from skin wound repair mechanisms.