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Related Concept Videos

Immunoprecipitation01:20

Immunoprecipitation

Immunoprecipitation, or IP, is a widely used technique that employs protein-antibody interactions to isolate proteins or protein complexes in their native state for studying protein-protein interactions, quaternary structures, or supramolecular complexes. Various modifications of the technique, including chromatin IP, cross-linking IP, and fluorescence IP, are commonly used.
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
Chromatin immunoprecipitation, also known as ChIP, is used to study protein-DNA or...
Blood Typing01:10

Blood Typing

Understanding an individual's blood group is a critical component of transfusion medicine. It ensures compatibility in blood transfusions, organ transplants, and even during pregnancy. Determining these blood groups involves the ABO and Rh blood typing systems, utilizing specific antigens and corresponding anti-sera to identify an individual's blood type.
Antigens are protein molecules that reside on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). The ABO and Rh blood typing systems target antigens A,...
Blood Transfusion and Agglutination02:45

Blood Transfusion and Agglutination

Blood transfusion is a therapeutic measure to restore the blood volume after extensive blood loss due to an accident or a medical procedure. Blood transfusion involves drawing a certain amount of blood from a suitable donor and infusing it into the recipient.
History
The history of blood transfusion dates back to the 17th century, when early attempts were made in animals. In 1818 James Blundell, a British doctor, performed the first successful human blood transfusion. Later in 1900, Karl...
Affinity and Avidity01:41

Affinity and Avidity

Overview
Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control01:16

Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control

In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species.
The obtained precipitate should be either a pure substance of known composition or easily converted to one by a simple process, such as ignition or drying. In addition, the precipitate should be insoluble and easily filterable. In general, filterability...
Antibody Actions01:26

Antibody Actions

Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, are critical players in the immune system's arsenal against invading pathogens. Produced by B cells and plasma cells, their primary role is to detect and bind to specific antigens, molecules found on the surface of pathogens like bacteria or viruses. Beyond antigen recognition, antibodies perform several vital functions that contribute to immune defense.
Neutralization
Antibodies can bind to pathogens, preventing them from infecting host cells. This process...

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Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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The purification and concentration of influenza virus by means of alcohol precipitation.

Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1896)·2010
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Purification and concentration of influenza virus by means of alcohol precipitation.

Federation proceedings·2010
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The purification and concentration of influenza virus by means of alcohol precipitation.

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)·2010
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Diagnostic antigens for epidemic typhus, murine typhus and Rocky Mountain spotted fever.

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)·2010
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PRODUCTION OF HETEROGENETIC ANTIBODIES WITH MIXTURES OF THE BINDING PART OF THE ANTIGEN AND PROTEIN.

The Journal of experimental medicine·2009
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ON THE ANTIGENIC PROPERTIES OF HEMOGLOBIN.

The Journal of experimental medicine·2009

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Determining the Reactivity and Titre of Serum using a Haemagglutination Assay
05:59

Determining the Reactivity and Titre of Serum using a Haemagglutination Assay

Published on: January 29, 2010

ON THE SPECIFICITY OF AGGLUTININS AND PRECIPITINS.

K Landsteiner1, J van der Scheer

  • 1Laboratories of The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research.

The Journal of Experimental Medicine
|October 30, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This study suggests that a single antibody can react with multiple similar substances, rather than multiple antibodies existing for different chemical groups. This finding aids in differentiating blood from related species using hemagglutinins.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Biochemistry
  • Serology

Background:

  • Immune sera contain antibodies that bind to specific antigens.
  • The precise nature of antibody-antigen interactions and the potential for multiple specificities within a single antibody are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether a single immune serum contains multiple antibodies targeting different chemical groups on antigenic proteins.
  • To explore the specificity of precipitinogens and agglutinogens in differentiating related species.

Main Methods:

  • Partial saturation of precipitins with related antigens.
  • Partial absorption of hemagglutinins with heterologous blood.

Main Results:

  • Partial saturation did not conclusively prove the existence of multiple antibodies per serum for different chemical groups.

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Antibody Binding Specificity for Kappa (Vκ) Light Chain-containing Human (IgM) Antibodies: Polysialic Acid (PSA) Attached to NCAM as a Case Study
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Antibody Binding Specificity for Kappa (Vκ) Light Chain-containing Human (IgM) Antibodies: Polysialic Acid (PSA) Attached to NCAM as a Case Study

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A Miniaturized Glycan Microarray Assay for Assessing Avidity and Specificity of Influenza A Virus Hemagglutinins
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A Miniaturized Glycan Microarray Assay for Assessing Avidity and Specificity of Influenza A Virus Hemagglutinins

Published on: May 29, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Determining the Reactivity and Titre of Serum using a Haemagglutination Assay
05:59

Determining the Reactivity and Titre of Serum using a Haemagglutination Assay

Published on: January 29, 2010

Antibody Binding Specificity for Kappa (Vκ) Light Chain-containing Human (IgM) Antibodies: Polysialic Acid (PSA) Attached to NCAM as a Case Study
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Antibody Binding Specificity for Kappa (Vκ) Light Chain-containing Human (IgM) Antibodies: Polysialic Acid (PSA) Attached to NCAM as a Case Study

Published on: June 29, 2016

A Miniaturized Glycan Microarray Assay for Assessing Avidity and Specificity of Influenza A Virus Hemagglutinins
10:32

A Miniaturized Glycan Microarray Assay for Assessing Avidity and Specificity of Influenza A Virus Hemagglutinins

Published on: May 29, 2016

  • A single antibody may react to varying degrees with similar substances.
  • Specific fractions obtained via hemagglutinin absorption allowed differentiation of blood from related species, even with minimal precipitin differences.

    • Conclusions:

    • The findings support the hypothesis that a single antibody can exhibit cross-reactivity with similar antigenic structures.
    • Differences in specificity between precipitinogens and agglutinogens indicate distinct chemical structures responsible for antigenicity.