Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 19, 2026

FSL Constructs: A Simple Method for Modifying Cell/Virion Surfaces with a Range of Biological Markers Without Affecting their Viability
Published on: August 5, 2011
ON THE ANTIGENS OF RED BLOOD CORPUSCLES : II. FLOCCULATION REACTIONS WITH ALCOHOLIC EXTRACTS OF ERYTHROCYTES
K Landsteiner1, J van der Scheer
1Laboratories of The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research.
Abstract:
1. Flocculation reactions of anti-erythrocyte sera on emulsions of alcoholic extract of blood are described. 2. The reactions are markedly species-specific. 3. Besides the homologous reactions certain others-"heterogenetic"" ones-have been observed, and in this way the existence of new examples of heterogenetic antibodies has been demonstrated. 4. Group-specific substances can be extracted from human erythrocytes with alcohol and demonstrated by flocculation with group-specific immune sera. 5. A conception of the structure of cellular antigens based upon the known facts, is presented.
Related Concept Videos
Blood Typing
Antigens are protein molecules that reside on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). The ABO and Rh blood typing systems target antigens A,...
Blood Transfusion and Agglutination
History
The history of blood transfusion dates back to the 17th century, when early attempts were made in animals. In 1818 James Blundell, a British doctor, performed the first successful human blood transfusion. Later in 1900, Karl...
The ABO Blood Group
Antigens in the ABO Blood Group System
Antigens are substances that can trigger an immune response, leading to the production of antibodies. In the ABO blood group system,...
Rh Blood Group
Immunofluorescence Microscopy
The...
Antibody Structure
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...

