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Related Concept Videos

Immunoprecipitation01:20

Immunoprecipitation

Immunoprecipitation, or IP, is a widely used technique that employs protein-antibody interactions to isolate proteins or protein complexes in their native state for studying protein-protein interactions, quaternary structures, or supramolecular complexes. Various modifications of the technique, including chromatin IP, cross-linking IP, and fluorescence IP, are commonly used.
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
Chromatin immunoprecipitation, also known as ChIP, is used to study protein-DNA or...
Precipitation and Co-precipitation01:17

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control01:16

Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control

In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species.
The obtained precipitate should be either a pure substance of known composition or easily converted to one by a simple process, such as ignition or drying. In addition, the precipitate should be insoluble and easily filterable. In general, filterability...
Precipitation of Ions03:11

Precipitation of Ions

Predicting Precipitation
The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is:
Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...

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Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Particle Agglutination Method for Poliovirus Identification
07:06

Particle Agglutination Method for Poliovirus Identification

Published on: April 20, 2011

AGGLUTINATION BY PRECIPITIN : SECOND PAPER.

F S Jones1

  • 1Department of Animal Pathology of The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, Princeton, N. J.

The Journal of Experimental Medicine
|October 30, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Protein-sensitized collodion particles agglutinate specifically with matching antibodies. Adsorption levels plateau, and pre-exposure to immune serum blocks subsequent antigen-induced agglutination, demonstrating antibody specificity in immune reactions.

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Determining the Reactivity and Titre of Serum using a Haemagglutination Assay
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Determining the Reactivity and Titre of Serum using a Haemagglutination Assay

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Covalent Binding of Antibodies to Cellulose Paper Discs and Their Applications in Naked-eye Colorimetric Immunoassays

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Particle Agglutination Method for Poliovirus Identification
07:06

Particle Agglutination Method for Poliovirus Identification

Published on: April 20, 2011

Determining the Reactivity and Titre of Serum using a Haemagglutination Assay
05:59

Determining the Reactivity and Titre of Serum using a Haemagglutination Assay

Published on: January 29, 2010

Covalent Binding of Antibodies to Cellulose Paper Discs and Their Applications in Naked-eye Colorimetric Immunoassays
09:04

Covalent Binding of Antibodies to Cellulose Paper Discs and Their Applications in Naked-eye Colorimetric Immunoassays

Published on: October 21, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Biochemistry
  • Colloid Science

Background:

  • Protein adsorption onto particulate matter is crucial for immune complex formation.
  • Understanding the specificity and saturation of protein adsorption is key to immunological assays.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the protein adsorption capacity of collodion particles.
  • To demonstrate the immunological specificity of particle agglutination.
  • To explore the effect of sequential antigen exposure and immune serum pre-treatment on agglutination.

Main Methods:

  • Sensitization of collodion particles with various proteins.
  • Agglutination assays using specific antisera.
  • Varying protein concentrations during sensitization.
  • Sequential exposure of particles to antigens and immune serum.

Main Results:

  • Collodion particles sensitized with proteins agglutinate specifically in the presence of corresponding precipitating antibodies.
  • Protein adsorption reaches a maximum, independent of further increases in sensitizing protein concentration.
  • Particles exposed sequentially to multiple antigens agglutinate with all specific antisera.
  • Particles pre-treated with immune serum and washed do not agglutinate with antigen, despite some serum protein binding.

Conclusions:

  • Collodion particle sensitization and subsequent agglutination provide a specific measure of protein adsorption.
  • The findings highlight the immunological specificity of antigen-antibody interactions in particulate systems.
  • Immune serum pre-treatment effectively blocks subsequent antigen-specific agglutination, confirming antibody saturation and blocking mechanisms.