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Related Concept Videos

Dialysis01:15

Dialysis

Dialysis is a diffusion-based purification process that separates analyte molecules from a complex matrix. This is accomplished by allowing molecules in the solution to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a liquid on the other side. The membrane is usually made of cellulose acetate or cellulose nitrate, and the second liquid must be miscible with the solution. Ions (e.g., chloride or sodium) or organic molecules (e.g., glucose) can pass through the membrane pores, which generally have...
Dialysis01:27

Dialysis

Renal failure occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood effectively. It can be classified into two types: acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF).
Acute kidney injury develops suddenly and can be caused by pre-renal causes (e.g., hypovolemia, shock), intrinsic renal causes (e.g., acute tubular necrosis), or post-renal causes (e.g., urinary obstruction). In contrast, chronic renal failure progresses gradually over time and is often...
Peritoneal Dialysis I: Introduction and Procedure01:30

Peritoneal Dialysis I: Introduction and Procedure

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a procedure that facilitates the exchange of solutes, waste products, electrolytes, and excess fluid between the blood in the peritoneal capillaries and a dialysis solution introduced into the peritoneal cavity.Principles of Peritoneal Dialysis (PD)Diffusion: Waste products such as urea and electrolytes move from high concentrations in the blood to low concentrations in the dialysate across the peritoneal membrane. This mechanism is driven by the concentration...
Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications01:24

Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications

DialyzersA hemodialysis (HD) dialyzer is a plastic cartridge containing thousands of parallel hollow fibers, which serve as semipermeable membranes. These fibers are typically made from cellulose-based or other synthetic materials. During HD, blood is pumped into the top of the cartridge and distributed among these fibers. Simultaneously, dialysis fluid, known as dialysate, is introduced into the bottom of the cartridge, bathing the outside of the fibers. Across the semipermeable membrane,...
Physiology of the Genitourinary System III: Urine Concentration and Dilution01:20

Physiology of the Genitourinary System III: Urine Concentration and Dilution

The kidneys concentrate or dilute urine to maintain water and electrolyte balance. Nephrons, particularly the loop of Henle, play a crucial role in this process through the countercurrent multiplication system. This system establishes a high osmolarity in the renal medulla, which is essential for water reabsorption. In the loop of Henle’s descending limb, water is reabsorbed into the surrounding medulla due to its permeability to water. In contrast, the ascending limb actively transports...
Hemodialysis I: Introduction01:25

Hemodialysis I: Introduction

Hemodialysis (HD) is a medical treatment that artificially removes waste products, excess fluids, and toxins from the blood when the kidneys are no longer able to perform these functions effectively. In this process, blood is filtered through a semipermeable membrane, allowing for the selective removal of waste while preserving necessary components like blood cells and proteins. Hemodialysis is typically performed in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or severe kidney...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

High-Throughput Protein Crystallization via Microdialysis
06:18

High-Throughput Protein Crystallization via Microdialysis

Published on: March 3, 2023

A CONCENTRATING DIALYZER.

H S Simms1

  • 1Department of Animal Pathology of The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, Princeton, N. J.

The Journal of Experimental Medicine
|October 30, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel apparatus for efficient dialysis and concentration of aqueous solutions. The device rapidly reduces large fluid volumes to small volumes while maintaining sterile and cold conditions.

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Crystallization of Proteins on Chip by Microdialysis for In Situ X-ray Diffraction Studies
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Crystallization of Proteins on Chip by Microdialysis for In Situ X-ray Diffraction Studies

Published on: April 11, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

High-Throughput Protein Crystallization via Microdialysis
06:18

High-Throughput Protein Crystallization via Microdialysis

Published on: March 3, 2023

Crystallization of Proteins on Chip by Microdialysis for In Situ X-ray Diffraction Studies
12:38

Crystallization of Proteins on Chip by Microdialysis for In Situ X-ray Diffraction Studies

Published on: April 11, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Laboratory Science

Background:

  • Dialysis and concentration are crucial laboratory techniques.
  • Existing methods can be time-consuming and may compromise sample integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a new apparatus for simultaneous dialysis and concentration.
  • To highlight the efficiency and sterile capabilities of the apparatus.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing collodion bags with open reservoir bulbs.
  • Surrounding bags with cold, negative-pressure flowing water.
  • Implementing a rocking motion for the apparatus.

Main Results:

  • Concentration of over a liter of fluid to a few cubic centimeters.
  • Achieving concentration within 3 to 4 hours.
  • Maintaining cold and sterile conditions throughout the process.

Conclusions:

  • The described apparatus offers a rapid and effective method for fluid concentration and dialysis.
  • The technique preserves sample integrity through cold and sterile processing.