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Related Concept Videos

Fluid Movement Between Compartments01:18

Fluid Movement Between Compartments

The force applied by fluids against a surface, known as hydrostatic pressure, initiates the transfer of fluid among different compartments. Within our blood vessels, the blood's hydrostatic pressure is a result of the heart's pumping action. At the arteriolar end of capillaries, hydrostatic pressure (capillary blood pressure) exceeds the opposing colloid osmotic pressure created primarily by plasma proteins like albumin. This discrepancy in pressure propels plasma and nutrients from the...
Capillary Exchange01:28

Capillary Exchange

The cardiovascular system's chief role is to disseminate gases, nutrients, waste, and other substances to the body's cells. Small molecules like gases, lipids, and lipid-soluble substances directly diffuse through capillary wall endothelial cell membranes. Glucose, amino acids, and ions, including sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride, use transporters for facilitated diffusion via membrane-specific channels. Glucose, ions, and bigger molecules may also pass through intercellular clefts.
Xylem and Transpiration-driven Transport of Resources02:03

Xylem and Transpiration-driven Transport of Resources

The xylem of vascular plants distributes water and dissolved minerals that are taken up by the roots to the rest of the plant. The cells that transport xylem sap are dead upon maturity, and the movement of xylem sap is a passive process.
Lymphatic Vessels and Lymph Transport01:16

Lymphatic Vessels and Lymph Transport

Lymphatic vessels, known as lymphatics, are crucial in transporting lymph from peripheral tissues to our venous system. This process begins with lymph entering through tiny capillaries that branch through tissues. These capillaries have unique features such as larger diameters, thinner walls, and a distinctive one-way valve system formed by overlapping endothelial cells.
This one-way system allows fluids, solutes, and even pathogens to enter but prevents their return to the intercellular spaces.
Ascites01:19

Ascites

DefinitionAscites is the buildup of fluid inside the peritoneal cavity. It occurs when fluid moves out of the vascular system faster than the peritoneal lymphatics can remove it. This fluid shift is most commonly seen in liver cirrhosis but can also appear in several other systemic disorders.EtiologyCirrhosis remains the leading cause of ascites. Other conditions that can contribute include:Heart failureConstrictive pericarditisAbdominal cancersNephrotic syndromeSevere protein–calorie...
Overview of Blood Vessels01:14

Overview of Blood Vessels

The human cardiovascular system comprises five primary types of blood vessels: arteries, arterioles, veins, venules, and capillaries, each serving unique functions.
Arteries and Arterioles: Arteries are muscular and elastic vessels that primarily carry oxygenated blood from the heart to body tissues, except for the pulmonary artery, which carries deoxygenated blood. They have thick walls to withstand high pressure and contain a layer of muscle tissue, allowing them to expand or contract as...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

The Inverted Heart Model for Interstitial Transudate Collection from the Isolated Rat Heart
07:59

The Inverted Heart Model for Interstitial Transudate Collection from the Isolated Rat Heart

Published on: June 20, 2017

THE VESSELS INVOLVED IN HYDROSTATIC TRANSUDATION.

P D McMaster1, S Hudack

  • 1Laboratories of The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research.

The Journal of Experimental Medicine
|October 30, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Increased venous pressure accentuates capillary permeability, causing fluid leakage and edema primarily from venules. At very high pressures, this permeability gradient disappears, affecting all vessels.

Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Vascular Biology
  • Edema Formation

Background:

  • Cutaneous capillaries and venules exhibit a natural gradient of permeability.
  • Understanding factors influencing microvascular permeability is crucial for studying edema.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how elevated venous pressure affects the permeability gradient along cutaneous microvessels.
  • To determine the primary site of fluid transudation under increased venous pressure.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of microvascular permeability changes in response to moderate and high venous pressure.
  • Utilizing vital staining techniques to assess vessel leakage.

Main Results:

  • Moderate increases in venous pressure accentuate and broaden the permeability gradient, with most abundant transudation occurring from venules.

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Endothelialized Microfluidics for Studying Microvascular Interactions in Hematologic Diseases
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Endothelialized Microfluidics for Studying Microvascular Interactions in Hematologic Diseases

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Image Acquisition Method for the Sonographic Assessment of the Inferior Vena Cava
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Image Acquisition Method for the Sonographic Assessment of the Inferior Vena Cava

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

The Inverted Heart Model for Interstitial Transudate Collection from the Isolated Rat Heart
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Published on: June 20, 2017

Endothelialized Microfluidics for Studying Microvascular Interactions in Hematologic Diseases
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Image Acquisition Method for the Sonographic Assessment of the Inferior Vena Cava
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Published on: January 13, 2023

  • High venous pressure, approximating arterial levels, abolishes the permeability gradient, leading to widespread leakage from capillaries and venules.
  • Vital staining patterns suggest a structural basis for the observed permeability gradient.

    • Conclusions:

    • Venous pressure significantly modulates microvascular permeability and the distribution of fluid leakage.
    • The venular segment is the primary site of edema formation under moderately increased venous pressure.
    • Structural differentiation within the capillary-venule network likely underlies the normal permeability gradient.