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Related Concept Videos

Pyloric Obstruction01:11

Pyloric Obstruction

Pyloric obstruction, also referred to as gastric outlet obstruction, is a condition characterized by narrowing or blockage at the pylorus—the muscular valve regulating the flow of stomach contents into the duodenum. When this passage becomes impaired, the stomach cannot effectively empty its contents into the small intestine. This disruption leads to a range of gastrointestinal symptoms, including early satiety, bloating, epigastric pain, postprandial nausea, persistent vomiting, and...
Gastric Motility01:16

Gastric Motility

Gastric motility is the coordinated contraction and relaxation of stomach muscles that convert ingested food into chyme, a semi-liquid substance ready for further digestion in the intestines. The process begins with the vagus nerve inducing the relaxation of the smooth muscles in the fundus and body of the stomach, allowing these regions to expand and accommodate up to approximately 1.5 liters of food and liquid.
Peristaltic Waves and Chyme Formation
Upon food entry, the stomach initiates...
Gastric Emptying01:16

Gastric Emptying

Gastric emptying occurs when the stomach gradually releases chyme into the duodenum. When the stomach is distended, it triggers the release of gastrin, a hormone that promotes gastric acid secretion to aid in digestion. Additionally, stomach distension contributes to peristaltic waves that propel gastric contents toward the pyloric region. The gastroenteric reflex, on the other hand, primarily stimulates peristalsis in the intestines, facilitating the movement of contents further along the...
Gastric Phase of Digestion01:26

Gastric Phase of Digestion

The gastric phase of digestion begins as soon as food enters the stomach. The incoming food bolus triggers neural and hormonal mechanisms, which last approximately 3 to 4 hours. During this phase, the stomach undergoes significant changes to prepare the food for further digestion and absorption.
When food enters the stomach, it stretches the stomach walls and activates stretch receptors. This triggers local reflexes of the enteric nervous system, mediated through the myenteric plexus. These...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Fabrication and Implantation of Miniature Dual-element Strain Gages for Measuring In Vivo Gastrointestinal Contractions in Rodents.
09:29

Fabrication and Implantation of Miniature Dual-element Strain Gages for Measuring In Vivo Gastrointestinal Contractions in Rodents.

Published on: September 18, 2014

EXPERIMENTAL PRODUCTION OF PYLOROSPASM AND GASTRIC RETENTION IN RATS.

F Hoelzel1, E Da Costa

  • 1Department of Physiology, University of Chicago, Chicago.

The Journal of Experimental Medicine
|October 30, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Protein restriction in rats can cause gastric retention, which is reversible with protein reintroduction or a balanced diet. High-protein diets or alcohol can also induce temporary gastric retention.

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Animal Nutrition
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Gastric retention is a condition affecting stomach emptying.
  • Previous studies often relied on X-rays to assess gastric retention.
  • Understanding the dietary factors influencing gastric retention is crucial for animal health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a non-invasive method for studying gastric retention in intact animals.
  • To investigate the effects of protein restriction and other dietary components on gastric retention.
  • To explore the mechanisms, including pylorospasm, involved in gastric retention.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a novel method to study gastric retention without using X-rays.
  • Utilized a study group of rats subjected to varying dietary conditions.
  • Observed and analyzed the development and resolution of gastric retention.

Main Results:

  • Protein restriction induced gastric retention in 70% of rats, which resolved with protein reintroduction or dietary adjustments.
  • High-protein diets post-undernutrition and diets with ≥25% alcohol caused transient gastric retention.
  • Gastric retention appeared linked to pylorospasm, with potential influences from irritation and altered gastric secretions.

Conclusions:

  • Dietary protein levels significantly impact gastric retention in rats.
  • Alcohol and specific dietary transitions can trigger gastric retention.
  • Pylorospasm is implicated in diet-induced gastric retention, challenging previous theories on dietary fat.