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Related Concept Videos

Bile01:19

Bile

Bile is a crucial bodily fluid, characterized by its yellow-green color and alkaline nature. Produced in the liver, it is transported through the common hepatic duct into either the cystic duct, leading to the gallbladder, or directly into the common bile duct. The flow of bile is regulated by the sphincter of Oddi located at the entrance of the duodenum. When this sphincter is closed, bile is redirected to the gallbladder for storage and concentration.
Bile is released when dietary fats enter...
Jaundice01:25

Jaundice

Jaundice, or icterus, is the yellow discoloration of the skin, sclerae, and mucous membranes. It happens when plasma bilirubin levels rise above 2.5-3 mg/dL, leading to bilirubin deposition in tissue.Bilirubin is a byproduct of hemoglobin degradation. In macrophages, hemoglobin breaks down into globin and heme. Globin is converted into amino acids, while heme is turned into biliverdin by heme oxygenase, which is then reduced to unconjugated bilirubin by biliverdin reductase.Unconjugated...
Lifecycle of Erythrocytes01:22

Lifecycle of Erythrocytes

Erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells, constantly move through blood capillaries. As a result, they damage their plasma membrane due to the continuous friction. Typically, after 100 to 120 days, erythrocytes become rigid and fragile as they wear out. As they pass through small vessels in the spleen and liver, they can get trapped and break apart into fragments.
The resident phagocytic macrophages deal with these damaged cells by engulfing them and separating their globin and heme groups.
Histology of the Small Intestine01:27

Histology of the Small Intestine

The small intestine exhibits a unique histological structure that significantly enhances its function in digestion and nutrient absorption. These structures include circular folds, villi, and various specialized cells that collectively facilitate the digestion of food.
The intestinal lining features transverse folds called circular folds, each housing fingerlike projections known as intestinal villi. These villi are covered by a layer of simple columnar epithelium, also referred to as...
Hepatic Drug Excretion: Enterohepatic Cycling01:17

Hepatic Drug Excretion: Enterohepatic Cycling

Enterohepatic cycling involves the active secretion of drugs and their metabolites into the bile via transporters in the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes. This secretion is an integral part of the digestive process, releasing these substances into the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
Post-release drugs and metabolites can be reabsorbed into the body from the intestine. For conjugated metabolites like glucuronides, reabsorption requires enzymatic hydrolysis by intestinal microflora. This...
Hepatic Drug Excretion: Influencing Factors01:16

Hepatic Drug Excretion: Influencing Factors

The biliary system of the liver, crucial for bile secretion and drug excretion, comprises intrahepatic bile ducts that merge to form the common hepatic duct. This duct, carrying hepatic bile, combines with the cystic duct, draining the gallbladder and forming the common bile duct, which empties into the duodenum. Bile, produced by hepatic cells lining the bile canaliculi, is composed primarily of water, bile salts, pigments, electrolytes, and lesser amounts of cholesterol and fatty acids. Bile...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Ileectomy-induced Bile Overaccumulation in Mouse Intestine
06:55

Ileectomy-induced Bile Overaccumulation in Mouse Intestine

Published on: August 21, 2017

FATE OF BILIRUBIN IN THE SMALL INTESTINE.

M S Sackey1, C G Johnston, I S Ravdin

  • 1Laboratory of Research Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.

The Journal of Experimental Medicine
|October 30, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intestinal juice does not convert bilirubin to urobilin in the jejunum. Bile pigment loss in the whole intestine suggests other sites of conversion or absorption.

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Using Multi-fluorinated Bile Acids and In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Measure Bile Acid Transport
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Using Multi-fluorinated Bile Acids and In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Measure Bile Acid Transport

Published on: November 27, 2016

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Ileectomy-induced Bile Overaccumulation in Mouse Intestine
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Ileectomy-induced Bile Overaccumulation in Mouse Intestine

Published on: August 21, 2017

Using Multi-fluorinated Bile Acids and In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Measure Bile Acid Transport
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Using Multi-fluorinated Bile Acids and In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Measure Bile Acid Transport

Published on: November 27, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Bile Pigment Metabolism

Background:

  • Bilirubin is a key bile pigment.
  • Understanding its fate in the intestine is crucial for digestive health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of intestinal juice in bilirubin conversion to urobilin.
  • To determine if bilirubin is absorbed or converted in the jejunum.

Main Methods:

  • Experiments involving isolated jejunal loops.
  • Incubation of bilirubin with intestinal juice.
  • Observation of pigment changes over a 2-hour period.

Main Results:

  • No loss or conversion of bilirubin in the jejunal loop.
  • No conversion when bilirubin was incubated with jejunal or whole small intestine juice.
  • Pigment loss observed in the entire intestinal tract.

Conclusions:

  • Intestinal juice alone does not convert bilirubin to urobilin within 2 hours.
  • The jejunum does not appear to absorb or convert bilirubin.
  • Other intestinal regions likely contribute to bilirubin metabolism (conversion/absorption).