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Vaccinations

Vaccinations

Viral Recombination

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Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.

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Intranasal Administration of Recombinant Influenza Vaccines in Chimeric Mouse Models to Study Mucosal Immunity

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IMMUNIZATION EXPERIMENTS WITH SWINE INFLUENZA VIRUS.

¹Department of Animal and Plant Pathology of The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, Princeton, N. J.

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

|October 30, 2009

Summary

Swine influenza virus can immunize pigs through intramuscular or subcutaneous injections. However, the source of the virus and administration route significantly impact immunization effectiveness in ferrets and mice.

Area of Science:

Veterinary Virology
Immunology

Background:

Swine influenza poses a significant threat to animal health.
Understanding effective immunization strategies is crucial for disease control.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the efficacy of swine influenza virus (SIV) administration routes and sources for immunization in swine, ferrets, and mice.
To determine optimal methods for inducing immunity against SIV.

Main Methods:

Administering SIV, sourced from infected ferrets, mice, or swine, via intramuscular, subcutaneous, or intraperitoneal routes.
Challenging immunized animals with intranasal SIV infection to assess immunity.
Observing immunization outcomes in swine, ferrets, and mice.

Main Results:

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Expression and Purification of Virus-like Particles for Vaccination

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Published on: June 2, 2016

Intramuscular or subcutaneous SIV administration from infected ferrets or mice successfully immunized swine.
Subcutaneous SIV injections from ferrets conferred immunity in ferrets, but virus from mice or swine did not.
Subcutaneous SIV injections from mice immunized mice, with repeated doses enhancing immunity; virus from ferrets or swine was ineffective.
Intraperitoneal SIV inoculation effectively immunized both mice and ferrets, regardless of virus source.

Conclusions:

The route of administration and the source of SIV are critical factors in successful immunization.
Intraperitoneal inoculation appears to be a consistently effective method for immunizing mice and ferrets.
Field observations highlight potential risks associated with intramuscular SIV administration in densely populated swine populations.