Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 19, 2026
07:04
Optimization of Antigen Preparation for Hemagglutination Inhibition Assay of Newcastle Disease Virus Serology
Published on: January 24, 2025
EFFECT OF PHOTO-OXIDATION ON ISOHEMAGGLUTINATING ANTIBODIES.
1Boston University School of Medicine, Boston.
The Journal of Experimental Medicine
|October 30, 2009
Summary
Photo-oxidation of isohemagglutinating sera with eosin Y gradually destroyed agglutinating activity. This process did not convert agglutinins into inhibiting antibodies.
Area of Science:
- Immunology and Biochemistry
Background:
- Isohemagglutinating sera contain antibodies responsible for red blood cell agglutination.
- Photo-oxidation is a process involving light, oxygen, and a sensitizer.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effect of photo-oxidation on the agglutinating activity of isohemagglutinating sera.
- To determine if photo-oxidation converts agglutinins into inhibiting antibodies.
Main Methods:
- Isohemagglutinating sera were subjected to photo-oxidation using eosin Y as a sensitizer.
- The agglutinating activity of the sera was measured before and after photo-oxidation.
- The potential conversion of agglutinins to inhibiting antibodies was assessed.
Main Results:
- Photo-oxidation gradually reduced and eventually destroyed the agglutinating activity of the sera.
- No evidence was found to suggest that agglutinins were converted into inhibiting antibodies.
Conclusions:
- Photo-oxidation effectively inactivates isohemagglutinating antibodies.
- The mechanism of antibody inactivation by photo-oxidation does not involve conversion to an inhibiting form.
Related Concept Videos
02:45Blood Transfusion and Agglutination
Blood transfusion is a therapeutic measure to restore the blood volume after extensive blood loss due to an accident or a medical procedure. Blood transfusion involves drawing a certain amount of blood from a suitable donor and infusing it into the recipient.
History
The history of blood transfusion dates back to the 17th century, when early attempts were made in animals. In 1818 James Blundell, a British doctor, performed the first successful human blood transfusion. Later in 1900, Karl...
History
The history of blood transfusion dates back to the 17th century, when early attempts were made in animals. In 1818 James Blundell, a British doctor, performed the first successful human blood transfusion. Later in 1900, Karl...
01:26Antibody Actions
Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, are critical players in the immune system's arsenal against invading pathogens. Produced by B cells and plasma cells, their primary role is to detect and bind to specific antigens, molecules found on the surface of pathogens like bacteria or viruses. Beyond antigen recognition, antibodies perform several vital functions that contribute to immune defense.
Neutralization
Antibodies can bind to pathogens, preventing them from infecting host cells. This process...
Neutralization
Antibodies can bind to pathogens, preventing them from infecting host cells. This process...
01:10Blood Typing
Understanding an individual's blood group is a critical component of transfusion medicine. It ensures compatibility in blood transfusions, organ transplants, and even during pregnancy. Determining these blood groups involves the ABO and Rh blood typing systems, utilizing specific antigens and corresponding anti-sera to identify an individual's blood type.
Antigens are protein molecules that reside on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). The ABO and Rh blood typing systems target antigens A,...
Antigens are protein molecules that reside on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). The ABO and Rh blood typing systems target antigens A,...
01:20Immunogold Electron Microscopy
Immunoelectron microscopy utilizes immunogold labeling of endogenous proteins with specific antibodies to detect and localize these proteins in cells and tissues. The procedure provides insights into the distribution and quantification of protein under different stimulation conditions offering clues about their functions. Conjugating highly electron-dense gold particles with primary or secondary antibodies allow antigen detection on and within cells, with high resolution and specificity.
01:15Oxidations of Aldehydes and Ketones to Carboxylic Acids
Oxidation of aldehydes and ketones results in the formation of carboxylic acids. Aldehydes, bearing hydrogen next to the carbonyl group, are easily oxidized compared to ketones. This is because an aldehydic proton can easily be abstracted during oxidation.
Aldehydes readily undergo oxidation in strong oxidizing agents such as potassium permanganate and chromic acid. The oxidation can also be carried out using mild oxidizing agents such as silver oxide. In fact, aldehydes can be easily oxidized...
Aldehydes readily undergo oxidation in strong oxidizing agents such as potassium permanganate and chromic acid. The oxidation can also be carried out using mild oxidizing agents such as silver oxide. In fact, aldehydes can be easily oxidized...
01:17Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones
In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox property is crucial in...
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox property is crucial in...