Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Capsular Serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae by Latex Agglutination
Published on: September 25, 2014
ANTIBODY FORMATION IN MEN FOLLOWING INJECTION OF FOUR TYPE-SPECIFIC POLYSACCHARIDES OF PNEUMOCOCCUS
M Heidelberger1, C M Macleod, R G Hodges
1Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, the Presbyterian Hospital, the Department of Bacteriology, New York University College of Medicine, New York, and the Army Air Force Rheumatic Fever Laboratory, Sioux Falls.
1. Random selections of the sera of trainees injected 2 months previously with the specific polysaccharides of Types I, II, V, and VII pneumococci contained quantities of antibody to Types I, II, and VII sufficient to account for the favorable results of the immunization procedure. 2. As in earlier studies, the levels of the antibody for the C polysaccharide remained relatively constant before and after the injections. 3. The serum from the preliminary bleedings often contained antibody to the Type VII polysaccharide. This remained relatively constant in a control group injected with saline.
1. Random selections of the sera of trainees injected 2 months previously with the specific polysaccharides of Types I, II, V, and VII pneumococci contained quantities of antibody to Types I, II, and VII sufficient to account for the favorable results of the immunization procedure. 2. As in earlier studies, the levels of the antibody for the C polysaccharide remained relatively constant before and after the injections. 3. The serum from the preliminary bleedings often contained antibody to the Type VII polysaccharide. This remained relatively constant in a control group injected with saline.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions
Vaccinations
Antibody Structure
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
Cross-reactivity
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Formation of Lipopolysaccharides

