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CHANGES IN PROTOPLASMIC CONSISTENCY AND THEIR RELATION TO CELL DIVISION.

¹Cornell University Medical College, New York City, and the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole.

The Journal of General Physiology

|October 30, 2009

Summary

Cellular cleavage involves the formation of semisolid masses that drive egg division. These masses can revert to a fluid state, influencing cleavage furrow persistence and nuclear positioning in developing eggs.

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Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Developmental Biology
Embryology

Background:

Cellular division, or cleavage, is fundamental to embryonic development.
The physical state of the egg cytoplasm influences the mechanics of cleavage.
Understanding these physical changes is key to comprehending early embryonic events.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of semisolid masses in egg cleavage.
To determine how the physical state of the egg affects cleavage furrow formation and maintenance.
To observe nuclear behavior in response to altered cytoplasmic states during cleavage.

Main Methods:

Microscopic observation of egg development and cleavage.
Induction of experimental conditions, including mutilation, during the amphiaster stage.
Analysis of cytoplasmic state changes (semisolid to fluid) and their impact on cleavage.

Main Results:

Egg cleavage is associated with the formation of two semisolid masses, which elongate the egg.
These semisolid masses incorporate surrounding cytoplasm, leading to blastomere separation.
The semisolid state can revert to fluid, potentially obliterating cleavage furrows and allowing for new cleavage plane adoption.
Nuclear positioning in fluid states can be altered to ensure symmetry in subsequent development.

Conclusions:

The physical state of the egg cytoplasm, particularly the formation and behavior of semisolid masses, is crucial for successful cleavage.
Experimental manipulation of the egg's physical state can alter cleavage patterns and nuclear behavior.
These findings provide insights into the mechanical forces governing early embryonic cell division.