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Related Concept Videos

The Mammary Glands01:12

The Mammary Glands

The female breast is a hemispheric projection of variable size positioned anterior to the pectoralis major and serratus anterior muscles. A fascia layer composed of dense, irregular connective tissue connects it to these muscles.
Each breast features a pigmented projection known as the nipple, through which milk emerges via closely spaced openings of ducts, referred to as lactiferous ducts. Surrounding the nipple is a circular pigmented area of skin named the areola, which appears rough due to...
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Parental Care

Many animals exhibit parental care behavior, including feeding, grooming, and protecting young offspring. Parental care is universal in mammals and birds, which often have young that are born relatively helpless. Several species of insects and fish, as well as some amphibians, also care for their young.

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Evaluation of Mammary Gland Development and Function in Mouse Models
08:51

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Published on: July 21, 2011

THE EFFECT OF ADVANCE IN LACTATION AND GESTATION ON MAMMARY ACTIVITY.

W L Gaines1, F A Davidson

  • 1Department of Dairy Husbandry, University of Illinois, Urbana.

The Journal of General Physiology
|October 30, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pregnancy in cows reduces milk yield, likely due to a hormone, which also explains increased milk secretion after calving. This study models these effects on dairy cow lactation.

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Area of Science:

  • Dairy science
  • Animal reproduction
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Milk secretion rate in cows is crucial for calf nutrition and dairy production.
  • Lactation dynamics are influenced by physiological states, including pregnancy.
  • Understanding factors affecting milk yield is vital for optimizing herd management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To mathematically model the rate of milk secretion in cows.
  • To investigate the impact of pregnancy on milk yield.
  • To propose a hormonal explanation for observed changes in lactation.

Main Methods:

  • Mathematical modeling of milk yield (y) as a function of time from calving (t).
  • Formulating an equation to describe the decrease in yield due to pregnancy, incorporating time from conception (p).
  • Analyzing constants (K, b) and their relationship to physiological parameters.

Main Results:

  • Milk secretion rate can be modeled using equations relating yield to time post-calving.
  • Pregnancy significantly decreases milk yield, with the inhibition (i) dependent on time from conception.
  • A specific hormone is hypothesized to mediate the decrease in milk yield during pregnancy.

Conclusions:

  • A hormonal mechanism is proposed to explain reduced milk yield during cow pregnancy.
  • This hormonal hypothesis also accounts for the transient increase in milk secretion post-parturition.
  • Mathematical modeling provides a framework for understanding lactation physiology in dairy cows.