Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Non-Oral Extravascular Drug Absorption Routes01:15

Non-Oral Extravascular Drug Absorption Routes

Non-oral extravascular routes, which encompass sublingual, buccal, topical, intramuscular, and inhalation methods, primarily utilize passive diffusion to transport drugs into the systemic circulation. The absorption rates and effectiveness of these routes depend on the drug's physicochemical properties, as well as the patient's anatomical and pathophysiological state.
Lipophilic drugs that are stable at salivary pH (6) and exhibit minimal binding to the oral mucosa are absorbed more effectively...
Drug Absorption: Overview01:17

Drug Absorption: Overview

The process of drug absorption signifies the transition of a drug from its site of administration into the plasma. This process is influenced by various factors, including the route of administration, the anatomy of the absorption site, the mechanism of absorption, gut motility, and the drug's physicochemical properties.
When drugs are injected intravenously, they directly enter the systemic circulation. Alternatively, orally administered drugs navigate through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement01:27

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement

After oral administration, poor permeability often limits the rate at which drugs are absorbed through the intestinal epithelium. Enhancing drug permeability is crucial for effective therapy, and several strategies have been developed to overcome this challenge.One effective strategy involves the use of lipid-based formulations. These formulations enhance dissolution and solubility, targeting physiological mechanisms to increase drug absorption. This includes stimulating bile salt secretion,...
Inhalation Anthrax01:25

Inhalation Anthrax

Anthrax is a zoonotic disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, a Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium. It primarily affects herbivorous animals but can be transmitted to humans through skin contact, ingestion, or inhalation of spores.Cutaneous anthrax, the most common form, typically results from direct contact with bacterial spores through skin abrasions and is generally less severe. Gastrointestinal anthrax results from eating undercooked or contaminated meat. It affects the mouth, throat, or...
Factors Affecting Drug Distribution: Tissue Permeability01:30

Factors Affecting Drug Distribution: Tissue Permeability

The drug distribution process within the human body is a complex interplay of various physicochemical properties inherent to the drugs. These properties, including molecular size, ionization degree, partition coefficient, and stereochemical nature, significantly impact how drugs permeate biological membranes to reach their target tissues.
Small molecules with a molecular weight below 500 to 600 Daltons can easily pass through the capillary membrane, gaining access to different tissues. Larger...
Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics01:17

Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics

Passive diffusion is a critical process that allows small lipophilic drugs to cross the cell membrane along a concentration gradient. This mechanism's efficiency depends on four primary factors: the membrane's surface area, the drug's lipid-water partition coefficient, the concentration gradient, and the membrane's thickness.
When administered orally, drugs establish a substantial concentration gradient between the gastrointestinal (GI) lumen and the bloodstream, expediting their diffusion into...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Individualised aminoglycoside dosage based on pharmacokinetic analysis is superior to dosage based on physician intuition at achieving target plasma drug concentrations.

British journal of clinical pharmacology·1989
Same author

Cooperation among the active binding sites in the sex-specific agglutinin from the yeast, Hansenula wingei.

Biochemistry·1971
Same author

Phase differences between gas displacement by the thorax and at the airway opening.

Bulletin de physio-pathologie respiratoire·1971
Same author

Association constant of the sex-specific agglutinin in the yeast, Hansenula wingei.

Biochemistry·1970
Same author

Sexual agglutination in yeast. VII. Significance of the 1.7S component from reduced 5-agglutinin.

Archives of biochemistry and biophysics·1968
Same author

Sexual agglutination in yeast. VI. Role of disulfide bonds in 5-agglutinin.

Archives of biochemistry and biophysics·1968

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Deep Dermal Injection As a Model of Candida albicans Skin Infection for Histological Analyses
10:45

Deep Dermal Injection As a Model of Candida albicans Skin Infection for Histological Analyses

Published on: June 13, 2018

ACID PENETRATION INTO LIVING TISSUES.

N W Taylor1

  • 1School of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

The Journal of General Physiology
|October 30, 2009
PubMed
Summary

The threshold for sourness in nine acids was determined, linking high sourness to increased acid penetration velocity across cell membranes. This suggests acids enter tissues via adsorption, influenced by molecular structure.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Physiology
  • Sensory Science

Background:

  • Sourness perception is a key sensory attribute of organic acids.
  • Understanding the relationship between acid properties and cellular uptake is crucial for physiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the threshold concentrations for sourness of nine acids.
  • To investigate the relationship between acid properties (concentration, penetration velocity) and sourness.
  • To elucidate the mechanism of acid uptake into living tissues.

Main Methods:

  • Determined threshold concentrations for sourness of nine acids.
  • Measured hydrogen ion (H+) concentration of acids.
  • Calculated relative concentration gradients of undissociated acid across cell membranes.

More Related Videos

Determining Intestinal Permeability Using Lucifer Yellow in an Apical-Out Enteroid Model
09:48

Determining Intestinal Permeability Using Lucifer Yellow in an Apical-Out Enteroid Model

Published on: July 27, 2022

Ex Vivo Intestinal Sacs to Assess Mucosal Permeability in Models of Gastrointestinal Disease
06:04

Ex Vivo Intestinal Sacs to Assess Mucosal Permeability in Models of Gastrointestinal Disease

Published on: February 9, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Deep Dermal Injection As a Model of Candida albicans Skin Infection for Histological Analyses
10:45

Deep Dermal Injection As a Model of Candida albicans Skin Infection for Histological Analyses

Published on: June 13, 2018

Determining Intestinal Permeability Using Lucifer Yellow in an Apical-Out Enteroid Model
09:48

Determining Intestinal Permeability Using Lucifer Yellow in an Apical-Out Enteroid Model

Published on: July 27, 2022

Ex Vivo Intestinal Sacs to Assess Mucosal Permeability in Models of Gastrointestinal Disease
06:04

Ex Vivo Intestinal Sacs to Assess Mucosal Permeability in Models of Gastrointestinal Disease

Published on: February 9, 2016

  • Compared gradients with charcoal adsorption data.

    • Main Results:

    • High sourness correlated with high penetration velocity of undissociated acid or anion for solutions of equal pH.
    • Acid uptake into tissues appears to occur via an adsorption process.
    • Polar groups (OH, Cl, Br) significantly reduce organic acid penetration.
    • Optical activity plays a role in the physiological action of acids.

    Conclusions:

    • Sourness perception is influenced by the penetration velocity of acids across cell membranes.
    • Adsorption is a likely mechanism for acid uptake into biological tissues.
    • Molecular structure, including polar groups and optical activity, significantly affects acid physiological effects.