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Solid–Solid Solutions

Solid–Solid Solutions

The temperature-composition phase diagram of two solids, A and B, which are immiscible in the solid phase but form miscible liquids, shows that when the temperature is low, these two exist as separate, pure solids (A and B). As the temperature increases, they transition into a single-phase liquid solution where A and B coexist. Moving from point a1 to a2 in the phase diagram, the composition changes such that solid B begins to separate from the solution, enriching the remaining liquid with A.

Liquid–Solid Solutions

Liquid–Solid Solutions

The process of a solid dissolving in a liquid to form a solution is governed by the solubility limit, which is the maximum amount of the solid substance, or solute, that can be dissolved in a specific volume of the liquid or solvent. As the solute dissolves, it reaches a point where no more solute can be dissolved at a given temperature - this is known as the saturation point. However, if further solute is added and it manages to dissolve, the solution becomes supersaturated. Supersaturated...

Solubility

Solubility

Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
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Solubility Equilibria

Solubility Equilibria

Solubility equilibria are established when the dissolution and precipitation of a solute species occur at equal rates. These equilibria underlie many natural and technological processes, ranging from tooth decay to water purification. An understanding of the factors affecting compound solubility is, therefore, essential to the effective management of these processes. This section applies previously introduced equilibrium concepts and tools to systems involving dissolution and precipitation.
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Solubility Equilibria: Overview

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When a substance such as sodium chloride is added to water, it dissolves, forming an aqueous solution. The extent of dissolution is called solubility. The process of dissolution can exist in equilibrium, just like other chemical processes. Solubility equilibria are also called precipitation equilibria because the process of solubility can be reversible. The reverse of the solubility process is called precipitation.
Solubility is important in biological and environmental processes. A notable...

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Reliable Mechanochemistry: Protocols for Reproducible Outcomes of Neat and Liquid Assisted Ball-mill Grinding Experiments

Reliable Mechanochemistry: Protocols for Reproducible Outcomes of Neat and Liquid Assisted Ball-mill Grinding Experiments

Published on: January 23, 2018

SOLUBILITY CURVES OF MIXTURES AND SOLID SOLUTIONS.

J H Northrop¹, M Kunitz

¹Laboratories of The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, Princeton, N. J.

The Journal of General Physiology

|October 30, 2009

Summary

Calculate component amounts and solubilities from solubility curves. This method applies to mixtures and solid solutions, aiding material science and chemical analysis.

Area of Science:

Chemistry
Materials Science
Physical Chemistry

Background:

Understanding the composition of mixtures and solid solutions is crucial.
Solubility curves are essential tools in physical chemistry.
Accurate determination of component properties is vital for material development.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate a method for calculating component properties from solubility data.
To provide a framework for analyzing mixtures and solid solutions using their solubility curves.

Main Methods:

Utilizing the solubility curve of a mixture or solid solution.
Applying mathematical principles to derive component solubilities.
Calculating relative component amounts based on solubility data.

More Related Videos

Solubility of Hydrophobic Compounds in Aqueous Solution Using Combinations of Self-assembling Peptide and Amino Acid

Solubility of Hydrophobic Compounds in Aqueous Solution Using Combinations of Self-assembling Peptide and Amino Acid

Published on: September 20, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Reliable Mechanochemistry: Protocols for Reproducible Outcomes of Neat and Liquid Assisted Ball-mill Grinding Experiments

Reliable Mechanochemistry: Protocols for Reproducible Outcomes of Neat and Liquid Assisted Ball-mill Grinding Experiments

Published on: January 23, 2018

Solubility of Hydrophobic Compounds in Aqueous Solution Using Combinations of Self-assembling Peptide and Amino Acid

Solubility of Hydrophobic Compounds in Aqueous Solution Using Combinations of Self-assembling Peptide and Amino Acid

Published on: September 20, 2017

Main Results:

The relative amounts of two components in a mixture or solid solution can be determined.
The individual solubilities of the components can be calculated.
The solubility curve directly provides the data needed for these calculations.

Conclusions:

Solubility curves offer a direct route to determining the composition and solubility of individual components in mixtures and solid solutions.
This method simplifies the analysis of multi-component systems.
The findings have implications for the characterization and development of materials.