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In vivo Micro-circulation Measurement in Skeletal Muscle by Intra-vital Microscopy
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Published on: May 28, 2007

BOUND WATER IN MUSCLE.

J Brooks1

  • 1Food Investigation Board of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, and Low Temperature Research Station, Cambridge, England.

The Journal of General Physiology
|October 30, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Even at -20°C, frog muscle retains significant free water, challenging its use as a bound water measure. Complete freezing of free water requires temperatures between -40°C and -60°C.

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Understanding water''s state in biological tissues at sub-zero temperatures is crucial for cryobiology and understanding cellular function.
  • The initial freezing point of muscle tissue is a key parameter, but the behavior of unfrozen water below this point requires detailed investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the amount of free, unfrozen water in frog muscle below its initial freezing point.
  • To determine the temperature at which all free water in muscle is expected to freeze.
  • To assess the proportion of bound water in muscle tissue at various sub-zero temperatures.

Main Methods:

  • Calculation of free unfrozen water content using the muscle's vapor pressure isotherm.
  • Comparison of calculated free water values with experimentally determined total unfrozen water.

Main Results:

  • Significant quantities of free unfrozen water are present in frog muscle even at -20°C.
  • The total unfrozen water at -20°C is not solely indicative of bound water.
  • Calculated free water values suggest that the amount of bound water in muscle is relatively small across tested temperatures.

Conclusions:

  • A substantial fraction of water remains unfrozen in frog muscle at -20°C.
  • The temperature required to freeze all free water in muscle is significantly lower, estimated between -40°C and -60°C.
  • Bound water constitutes a minor component of the total water content in frog muscle at sub-zero temperatures.