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Tonicity in Plants00:53

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Tonicity describes the capacity of a cell to lose or gain water. It depends on the quantity of solute that does not penetrate the membrane. Tonicity delimits the magnitude and direction of osmosis and results in three possible scenarios that alter the volume of a cell: hypertonicity, hypotonicity, and isotonicity. Due to differences in structure and physiology, tonicity of plant cells is different from that of animal cells in some scenarios.Plants and Hypotonic EnvironmentsUnlike animal cells,...

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THE EFFECT OF AUXINS ON PROTOPLASMIC STREAMING. II.

B M Sweeney1, K V Thimann

  • 1Biological Laboratories, Harvard University, Cambridge.

The Journal of General Physiology
|October 30, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Indole-3-acetic acid (auxin) affects protoplasmic streaming in Avena coleoptiles by influencing carbohydrate metabolism and oxygen consumption. Auxin increases respiration, and its effects on streaming are modulated by sugar availability and oxygen levels.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Physiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Protoplasmic streaming is crucial for intracellular transport and cellular functions.
  • Indole-3-acetic acid (auxin) is a key plant hormone regulating growth and development.
  • The precise mechanisms by which auxin influences protoplasmic streaming are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of auxin on protoplasmic streaming in Avena coleoptile epidermal cells.
  • To elucidate the role of carbohydrate metabolism and oxygen availability in mediating auxin's effects.
  • To explore the relationship between auxin-induced streaming changes and plant growth.

Main Methods:

  • Microscopic observation of protoplasmic streaming in Avena coleoptile epidermal cells.
  • Application of varying concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid (auxin).
  • Experimental manipulation of carbohydrate (fructose) and oxygen levels.
  • Comparative studies using coleoptiles of different lengths and decapitation treatments.

Main Results:

  • Auxin's effects on streaming (acceleration/retardation) are transient due to carbohydrate exhaustion, but sustained with added sugars.
  • Retardation at high auxin concentrations is linked to oxygen deficiency, indicating increased respiration.
  • Younger coleoptiles show greater sensitivity to auxin-induced oxygen deficiency.

Conclusions:

  • Auxin accelerates an oxygen-consuming process controlling protoplasmic streaming, likely utilizing sugar as a substrate.
  • Auxin may also accelerate a competing oxygen-consuming process, leading to oxygen deficiency and streaming retardation.
  • These findings support the view that auxin-controlled protoplasmic streaming is a key factor in plant growth.