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Ribozymes

Ribozymes

The term ribozyme is used for RNA that can act as an enzyme. Ribozymes are mainly found in selected viruses, bacteria, plant organelles, and lower eukaryotes. Ribozymes were first discovered in 1982 when Tom Cech’s laboratory observed Group I introns acting as enzymes. This was shortly followed by the discovery of another ribozyme, Ribonulcease P, by Sid Altman’s laboratory. Both Cech and Altman received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1989 for their work on ribozymes.
Ribozymes can be...

Ribozymes

Ribozymes

The term ribozyme is used for RNA that can act as an enzyme. Ribozymes are mainly found in selected viruses, bacteria, plant organelles, and lower eukaryotes. Ribozymes were first discovered in 1982 when Tom Cech’s laboratory observed Group I introns acting as enzymes. This was shortly followed by the discovery of another ribozyme, Ribonulcease P, by Sid Altman’s laboratory. Both Cech and Altman received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1989 for their work on ribozymes.
Ribozymes can be...

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...

Riboswitches

Riboswitches

Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
The aptamer has high specificity for a particular metabolite which allows riboswitches to specifically regulate...

CRISPR and crRNAs

CRISPR and crRNAs

Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...

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Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Rapid Production of Recombinant Human SLFN14 Ribonuclease and Stoichiometric Analysis by Mass Photometry

Rapid Production of Recombinant Human SLFN14 Ribonuclease and Stoichiometric Analysis by Mass Photometry

Published on: February 20, 2026

CRYSTALLINE RIBONUCLEASE.

¹Laboratories of The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, Princeton, New Jersey.

The Journal of General Physiology

|October 30, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers isolated a crystalline enzyme, ribonuclease, from beef pancreas that digests yeast nucleic acid. This enzyme breaks down nucleic acid into smaller fragments, aiding in biochemical research.

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Substrate Generation for Endonucleases of CRISPR/Cas Systems

Substrate Generation for Endonucleases of CRISPR/Cas Systems

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Rapid Production of Recombinant Human SLFN14 Ribonuclease and Stoichiometric Analysis by Mass Photometry

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Published on: February 20, 2026

Substrate Generation for Endonucleases of CRISPR/Cas Systems

Substrate Generation for Endonucleases of CRISPR/Cas Systems

Published on: September 8, 2012

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Molecular Biology

Background:

Enzymes play crucial roles in biological processes.
Nucleic acids are fundamental molecules of life.

Purpose of the Study:

To isolate and characterize a novel enzyme capable of digesting yeast nucleic acid.
To understand the properties and activity of this enzyme.

Main Methods:

Crystallization of the enzyme from beef pancreas.
Characterization of the enzyme's physical and chemical properties (molecular weight, isoelectric point).
Analysis of the enzyme's effect on yeast nucleic acid digestion and product analysis.

Main Results:

A crystalline enzyme, ribonuclease, was isolated from beef pancreas.
Ribonuclease is a soluble albumin-type protein with a molecular weight of approximately 15,000 and an isoelectric point around pH 8.0.
The enzyme effectively digests yeast nucleic acid into smaller, non-precipitable fragments, with acid group formation but minimal phosphoric acid liberation.
Ribonuclease exhibits stability over a wide pH range, with optimal stability between pH 2.0 and 4.5, and its activity is sensitive to denaturation.

Conclusions:

Ribonuclease is a stable enzyme with specific activity against yeast nucleic acid.
The enzyme's properties suggest its utility in biochemical research for nucleic acid analysis.
Enzymatic activity is directly linked to the structural integrity of the ribonuclease protein.