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Related Concept Videos

Subviral Agents01:29

Subviral Agents

Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...

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Microwave Assisted Rapid Diagnosis of Plant Virus Diseases by Transmission Electron Microscopy
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Microwave Assisted Rapid Diagnosis of Plant Virus Diseases by Transmission Electron Microscopy

Published on: October 14, 2011

X-RAY AND CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF PLANT VIRUS PREPARATIONS. III.

J D Bernal1, I Fankuchen

  • 1Department of Physics, Birkbeck College, University of London.

The Journal of General Physiology
|October 30, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This study used optical and X-ray methods to examine plant viruses, revealing their crystalline structure and sub-unit dimensions. Findings suggest particle shape is not critical for biological function, impacting virus classification.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Structural Biology
  • Plant Pathology

Background:

  • Plant viruses, particularly tobacco mosaic virus, have been studied for their physical properties.
  • Previous research indicated unique characteristics of virus substances isolated by Bawden and Pirie.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct optical and X-ray examinations of plant virus preparations.
  • To elucidate the aggregation modes, particle structure, and biological implications of various plant viruses.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of optically oriented virus specimens from solutions.
  • Development of specialized low-angle X-ray cameras for spacings up to 1000 Å.
  • Comparative optical and X-ray analysis of multiple virus strains (tobacco mosaic, cucumber, potato virus X, bushy stunt).

Main Results:

  • Virus particles exhibit internal crystalline regularity, behaving as 'doubly crystalline' entities.
  • X-ray patterns suggest sub-units (~11 Å cubes) arranged in a hexagonal lattice (a=87 Å, c=68 Å).
  • Particle structure remains largely unchanged upon drying, indicating low water content.
  • Bushy stunt virus particles are spherical (276 Å diameter) in a body-centered cubic packing, unlike elongated forms of other viruses.
  • Physical properties correlate closely with clinical and serological classifications.

Conclusions:

  • The elongated particle form is not essential for biological function.
  • Virus structure analysis provides insights into colloid and biological systems.
  • X-ray diffraction offers a powerful tool for studying virus structure and classification.