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A Standardized Obstacle Course for Assessment of Visual Function in Ultra Low Vision and Artificial Vision
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RESPIRATORY EFFECTS UPON THE VISUAL THRESHOLD.

G Wald1, P V Harper, H C Goodman

  • 1Biological Laboratories, Harvard University, Cambridge.

The Journal of General Physiology
|October 30, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Respiratory stresses significantly impact vision. Changes in breathing patterns, oxygen levels, and carbon dioxide affect the visual threshold, indicating central nervous system responses.

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Neuroscience
  • Vision Science

Background:

  • The study investigates how respiratory changes affect peripheral vision.
  • Rod vision was used to isolate central nervous system responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the effects of respiratory stresses on the absolute threshold of peripheral vision.
  • To assess central nervous system imbalance through visual threshold measurements.

Main Methods:

  • Subjects breathed various gas mixtures (room air, oxygen, carbon dioxide) at different rates.
  • The absolute threshold of peripheral (rod) vision was measured under controlled dark adaptation.

Main Results:

  • Hyperventilation (room air or 32-36% oxygen) halved the visual threshold, primarily due to alkalosis.
  • Carbon dioxide addition reversed hyperventilation effects; 5% CO2 doubled the threshold.
  • 10% oxygen doubled the threshold, with effects modulated by breathing rate and pattern.

Conclusions:

  • Respiratory stresses, particularly alkalosis and hypoxia, significantly alter visual thresholds.
  • Breathing patterns influence responses to hypoxia, demonstrating central nervous system adaptability.
  • Visual threshold adjustments to anoxia are rapid and do not worsen with prolonged exposure.