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HEMOLYTIC SYSTEMS CONTAINING ANIONIC DETERGENTS.

¹The Nassau Hospital, Mineola, Long Island.

The Journal of General Physiology

|October 30, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Anionic detergents cause red blood cell hemolysis, with peak activity at 14 carbon atoms. Detergent concentration and pH significantly influence this lytic activity and cell shape changes.

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Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Physical Chemistry
Cell Biology

Background:

Anionic detergents, specifically sodium salts of sulfated straight-chain alcohols (C(n)H(2n+1).SO(3).Na), are known to interact with biological membranes.
Understanding the hemolytic activity of these compounds is crucial for their application and safety assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the hemolytic activity of a homologous series of anionic detergents.
To determine the influence of detergent chain length, pH, and temperature on hemolysis.
To examine the effects of detergents on red blood cell morphology and the role of plasma components in modulating detergent activity.

Main Methods:

Hemolysis assays using red blood cells and varying concentrations of anionic detergents.
Microscopic observation of red blood cell morphology (disk-sphere transformations).
Inhibition studies using plasma and its components (lecithin, globulins, cholesterol, albumin).

Main Results:

Hemolytic activity is maximal for detergents with 14 carbon atoms.
Hemolysis increases with pH in rapid systems, but shows reversed pH dependence near asymptotic concentrations.
Temperature primarily affects the reaction's velocity constant.
Disk-sphere transformations occur at approximately one-tenth the concentration required for complete hemolysis.
Plasma components inhibit hemolysis, with increasing inhibition from lecithin to albumin.
Anionic detergents can form complexes with lipid, lipoprotein, and protein components of red blood cells.

Conclusions:

The hemolytic activity of anionic detergents is dependent on chain length, pH, and temperature.
Detergent-induced red blood cell shape changes occur at sub-hemolytic concentrations.
Plasma constituents can inhibit detergent-induced hemolysis, suggesting interactions with cellular components.