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Related Concept Videos

Active Transport01:14

Active Transport

Active transport is a critical biological process that allows cells to move solutes against an electrochemical gradient. This process requires direct energy input and is characterized by its selectivity, saturability, and susceptibility to competitive inhibition.
Primary active transporters, like Na+, K+ and -ATPase, directly utilize ATP to move ions across the membrane. These transporters play significant roles in various physiological processes. For instance, Na+, K+ and -ATPase maintain...
Secondary Active Transport01:32

Secondary Active Transport

One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme "pump" embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
Secondary Active Transport01:55

Secondary Active Transport

One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme “pump” embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
Secondary Active Transport01:32

Secondary Active Transport

One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme "pump" embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
Drug Absorption Mechanism: Carrier-Mediated Membrane Transport01:19

Drug Absorption Mechanism: Carrier-Mediated Membrane Transport

Certain large, lipid-insoluble drug molecules that resemble amino acids, peptides, or glucose, require specialized carrier proteins to facilitate their diffusion across cell membranes. This transport can occur through either facilitated diffusion, which does not require energy input, or active transport, which does require energy input.
Facilitated diffusion is a passive process that utilizes human Solute Carrier (SLC) transporters. These transporters bind to the drug, undergo structural...
Primary Active Transport01:29

Primary Active Transport

In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction they would not...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Application of Electrophysiology Measurement to Study the Activity of Electro-Neutral Transporters
11:51

Application of Electrophysiology Measurement to Study the Activity of Electro-Neutral Transporters

Published on: February 3, 2018

Biochemical studies on active transport.

A B Pardee1

  • 1Program in Biochemical Sciences, Moffett Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540.

The Journal of General Physiology
|October 30, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers are isolating proteins involved in active transport, crucial for cell function. Recent studies focus on specific proteins for substrate recognition and translocation, aiding in understanding cellular energy-dependent transport mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Active transport is vital for cell function, maintaining concentration gradients.
  • Previous models relied on intact cells, limiting detailed analysis of individual components.
  • Facilitated transport differs from active transport by not requiring direct energy input.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in isolating and characterizing proteins involved in active transport systems.
  • To discuss the role of specific proteins in substrate recognition and translocation across cell membranes.
  • To explore mechanisms of cellular solute concentration against gradients.

Main Methods:

  • Partial purification of a beta-galactoside-binding protein.
  • Crystallization and characterization of a sulfate transport protein from Salmonella typhimurium.
  • Analysis of sugar-phosphorylating proteins involved in cellular uptake.

Main Results:

  • Identification and partial purification of a key protein in beta-galactoside transport.
  • Detailed characterization of a crystallized sulfate transporter protein, highlighting its role in recognition and translocation.
  • Description of sugar-phosphorylating enzymes as a mechanism for active sugar uptake.

Conclusions:

  • Isolation of transport system components is advancing the understanding of active transport.
  • Specific proteins play critical roles in substrate recognition and membrane translocation.
  • Enzymatic phosphorylation provides an effective strategy for concentrating solutes intracellularly.