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Related Concept Videos

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis01:30

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
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The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
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NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
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Antimicrobial Proteins

Antimicrobial proteins are important components of the immune system. They aid the body in combating pathogens by either killing them directly or hindering their replication processes. Four main types of antimicrobial substances are interferons, the complement system, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins.
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Interferons (IFNs) are proteins produced by lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts infected with viruses. While IFNs cannot prevent viruses from entering and...
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

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Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway

The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

High-throughput Quantitative Real-time RT-PCR Assay for Determining Expression Profiles of Types I and III Interferon Subtypes
10:00

High-throughput Quantitative Real-time RT-PCR Assay for Determining Expression Profiles of Types I and III Interferon Subtypes

Published on: March 24, 2015

Cellular mechanisms of interferon production.

J Vilcek1

  • 1New York University School of Medicine, New York 10016.

The Journal of General Physiology
|October 30, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Rabbit cells produce early interferon via de novo synthesis and late interferon from a precursor. This suggests interferon production is controlled by both translation and posttranslational mechanisms, involving cellular repressors.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Interferon (IFN) production is crucial for antiviral defense.
  • Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of IFN synthesis is key to modulating immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the distinct interferon responses induced by poly I:poly C and UV-NDV in rabbit kidney cells.
  • To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms controlling early and late interferon production.

Main Methods:

  • Stimulation of rabbit kidney cell cultures with poly I:poly C and UV-NDV.
  • Assessment of interferon production in the presence and absence of RNA and protein synthesis inhibitors.
  • Evaluation of cycloheximide's effect on late interferon production.

Main Results:

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

High-throughput Quantitative Real-time RT-PCR Assay for Determining Expression Profiles of Types I and III Interferon Subtypes
10:00

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Published on: March 24, 2015

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11:44

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Published on: January 24, 2016

Development and Validation of an Ultrasensitive Single Molecule Array Digital Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay for Human Interferon-α
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Development and Validation of an Ultrasensitive Single Molecule Array Digital Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay for Human Interferon-α

Published on: June 14, 2018

  • Two interferon responses were observed: 'early' (de novo synthesis) and 'late' (precursor activation).
  • Early response is sensitive to synthesis inhibitors, indicating translational control.
  • Late response to poly I:poly C requires synthesis inhibitors, suggesting posttranslational control activated by interferon itself.

Conclusions:

  • Interferon production is regulated by multiple levels, including translational and posttranslational controls.
  • Cellular repressors play a role in controlling interferon production and developing refractoriness to stimulation.
  • UV-NDV may evade posttranslational inhibition, leading to a late interferon response.