Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Cholinergic Ligand–dependent Modulation of Oxidative Phosphorylation Coupling in Digitonin-permeabilized BE(2)-C Neuroblastoma Cells
Published on: April 28, 2026
[Protective effects and machanism of muskone on pheochromocytoma cell injure induced by glutamate]
Rong Sun1, Zuoping Zhang, Wei Huang
1Shandong Research Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China. sunrong107@163.com
Objective:
To explore the mechanism of glutamate (Glu)-induced PC12 cell apoptosis and the protective effect of muscone.
Method:
PC12 cells were randomly divided into six groups: normal group (Normal), model group injured by glutamate (Glu), nimodipine group (Nim) and muskone groups (Mus) of high, middle and low doses. The PC12 cells were pretreated with or without different concentrations of muskone for 30 min and then exposed to glutamate. MTT assay for cell survival, flow cytometric detection of apoptotic cells, DCF assay for reactive oxygen species (ROS) and flow cytometric assay was performed to determine the mitochondrial membrane potential in PC12 cell.
Result:
PC12 cell damage, the concentrations of [Ca2+], and apoptosis induced by Glu were decreased after being administrated with paeoniflorin.
Conclusion:
Muskone inhibited Glu-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. The mechanism is related to inhibiting intracellular Ca2+ overload and maintaining mitochondral membrance potential.
Related Concept Videos
Cholinergic Antagonists: Pharmacological Actions
Gastrointestinal Effects: Antimuscarinics reduce gut contractions, increase gastric emptying, and slow intestinal transit. They partly inhibit gastric acid secretion...
Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Pharmacological Actions
Cholinergic Receptors: Muscarinic
The subtypes M1, M3, and M5 couple with the Gq subunit and activate the phospholipase C (PLC) activity, mobilizing intracellular Ca2+. Activation...
Cholinergic Antagonists: Therapeutic Uses
Respiratory Tract: Ipratropium, aclidinium, and tiotropium treat asthma, chronic bronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). They protect against bronchoconstriction caused by irritants like cigarette smoke, sulfur dioxide, and ozone. They also help reduce nasopharyngeal secretions in common...
Nondepolarizing (Competitive) Neuromuscular Blockers: Pharmacological Actions
Although all competitive neuromuscular blockers are designed...
Antiasthma Drugs: Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists
Antimuscarinic agents compete with ACh for the same binding site on the muscarinic receptors. By binding to these receptors, they inhibit the downstream effects of ACh and block the parasympathetic...