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Related Concept Videos

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...
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Anatomy of the Eyeball

The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle layer, the vascular tunic,...
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Visual Agnosia

Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round end"...
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Visual System

Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
Vision01:24

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Motion-Acuity Test for Visual Field Acuity Measurement with Motion-Defined Shapes
06:25

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Published on: February 23, 2024

Visual function versus visual acuity in older people.

Jesús López-Torres Hidalgo1, Ignacio Párraga Martínez, Beatriz Navarro Bravo

  • 1Health Care Service of Castilla-La Mancha (SESCAM), Albacete, Spain. jesusl@sescam.org

Ophthalmic Epidemiology
|October 31, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Visual function impairment is common in older adults and linked to other health issues. Regular visual function screening is recommended alongside visual acuity checks for comprehensive eye care in the elderly.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Visual function (VF) impairment is prevalent in aging populations.
  • Understanding its correlation with visual acuity (VA) and other functional limitations is crucial for geriatric care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine visual function (VF) status in individuals aged 65 and older.
  • To assess the correlation between VF and visual acuity (VA).
  • To evaluate the association of VF with physical and mental functional limitations.

Main Methods:

  • A sample of 1,160 individuals aged 65+ were assessed.
  • Visual Function Index (VF-14), VA, self-reported vision, and cognitive/physical function (Katz Index, Pfeiffer's test, Geriatric Depression Scale) were measured.
  • Multiple linear regression analysis was employed to identify factors associated with VF.

Main Results:

  • 6.3% had VA < 6/18 and 20.9% had VA < 6/12 in the better eye.
  • Best corrected VA showed a moderate correlation with VF-14 scores (r = 0.416; p < 0.001).
  • Key associated factors included visual impairment, self-reported poor vision, functional dependence, cognitive impairment, depressive symptoms, female gender, and older age, explaining 34.4% of VF variation.

Conclusions:

  • Visual function impairment is a significant health concern in older adults, often co-occurring with other functional deficits.
  • Clinical assessment of VF, using screening tools, is recommended as a supplement to VA checks for preventive care in the elderly.