Hepatitis B and C virus-related carcinogenesis

Area of Science:

• Hepatology
• Virology
• Oncology

Background:

• Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are primary global drivers of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
• Geographic prevalence of HCC aligns with HBV and HCV distribution.
• These viral infections induce chronic liver injury, potentially leading to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and HCC.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the roles of HBV and HCV in hepatocarcinogenesis.
• To explore mechanisms by which these viruses contribute to liver cancer development.
• To review the impact of antiviral therapies and vaccination on HCC risk.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on HBV, HCV, and HCC.
• Analysis of etiological factors and oncogenic properties of viral proteins.
• Examination of viral integration and genomic effects.

Main Results:

• HCC can arise directly from HBV and HCV infection, independent of cirrhosis.
• Specific HBV factors (HBx gene, pre-S2/S gene, spliced protein) and HCV proteins (core, envelope, nonstructural) show oncogenic potential.
• HBV integration into host DNA can alter genomic function and stability, while HCV does not integrate.

Conclusions:

• HBV and HCV are direct contributors to liver cancer development.
• Antiviral treatments and vaccination are crucial for reducing HCC risk in HBV-infected individuals.
• Antiviral therapy for HCV also demonstrates efficacy in lowering HCC incidence.