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Related Concept Videos

Mutations01:35

Mutations

Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
Nuclear Fusion02:45

Nuclear Fusion

The process of converting very light nuclei into heavier nuclei is also accompanied by the conversion of mass into large amounts of energy, a process called fusion. The principal source of energy in the sun is a net fusion reaction in which four hydrogen nuclei fuse and ultimately produce one helium nucleus and two positrons.
A helium nucleus has a mass that is 0.7% less than that of four hydrogen nuclei; this lost mass is converted into energy during the fusion. This reaction produces about...
Nuclear Transmutation03:20

Nuclear Transmutation

Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed protons being...
Directionality of Nuclear Transport01:42

Directionality of Nuclear Transport

Ras-related nuclear protein or Ran is a small G protein that cycles between its GTP and GDP bound states. Ran specific regulators, a Ran GTPase Activating Protein or RanGAP present in the cytosol and a Ran guanine nucleotide exchange factor or RanGEF present inside the nucleus regulate GTP/GDP exchange. A high concentration of GTP inside the cells, in addition to this asymmetric distribution of  Ran-specific regulators, leads to a higher RanGTP concentration inside the nucleus. This...
Nuclear Fission02:50

Nuclear Fission

Many heavier elements with smaller binding energies per nucleon can decompose into more stable elements that have intermediate mass numbers and larger binding energies per nucleon—that is, mass numbers and binding energies per nucleon that are closer to the “peak” of the binding energy graph near 56. Sometimes neutrons are also produced. This decomposition of a large nucleus into smaller pieces is called fission. The breaking is rather random with the formation of a large number of different...
Nuclear Localization Signals and Import01:46

Nuclear Localization Signals and Import

Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry short stretches of amino acid sequences called the nuclear localization signal or NLS. Classical nuclear localization signals are of two types: monopartite and bipartite NLS. Monopartite classical NLS (cNLS) consists of a single cluster of 4-8 amino acids. Bipartite cNLS consists of two clusters of  2-3 amino acids and a 9-12 residue long proline-rich linker bridging the two clusters. Signal clusters are rich in positively charged amino acids such as...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Validation of a Mouse Model to Disrupt LINC Complexes in a Cell-specific Manner
09:02

Validation of a Mouse Model to Disrupt LINC Complexes in a Cell-specific Manner

Published on: December 10, 2015

Sun proteins enlighten nuclear movement in development.

Hiroyuki Koizumi1, Joseph G Gleeson

  • 1Department of Neurosciences, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.

Neuron
|October 31, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Nuclear movement is crucial for brain development. SUN and KASH proteins link microtubules to the nucleus, facilitating neurogenesis and neuronal migration.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Nuclear movement is essential for proper brain development, particularly during neurogenesis and neuronal migration.
  • Understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate nuclear positioning is critical for comprehending developmental processes.

Discussion:

  • This study identifies SUN and KASH-domain-containing nuclear membrane proteins as key regulators of nuclear positioning.
  • These proteins act as a crucial linker between the cytoskeleton (microtubules) and the nucleus.

Key Insights:

  • SUN and KASH proteins mediate the connection between microtubules and the nuclear envelope.
  • This interaction is vital for the precise regulation of nuclear movement during brain development.

More Related Videos

Nuclear Migration in the Drosophila Oocyte
04:17

Nuclear Migration in the Drosophila Oocyte

Published on: May 13, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Validation of a Mouse Model to Disrupt LINC Complexes in a Cell-specific Manner
09:02

Validation of a Mouse Model to Disrupt LINC Complexes in a Cell-specific Manner

Published on: December 10, 2015

Nuclear Migration in the Drosophila Oocyte
04:17

Nuclear Migration in the Drosophila Oocyte

Published on: May 13, 2021

Outlook:

  • Further research can explore the specific signaling pathways involving SUN and KASH proteins in neuronal development.
  • Investigating potential links to developmental neurological disorders associated with abnormal neuronal migration.