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Contributing to shipping container security: can passive sensors bring a solution?

G Janssens-Maenhout1, F De Roo, W Janssens

  • 1Joint Research Centre Ispra, IES-CCU, Via Fermi 2749, TP. 290, I-21027 Ispra, Italy. greet.maenhout@jrc.it

Journal of Environmental Radioactivity
|October 31, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This study explored passive detectors for illicit nuclear material. Iridium activation foils show potential for detecting plutonium in maritime containers, offering a complementary security measure.

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Security
  • Maritime Security
  • Radiological Detection

Background:

  • Illicit trafficking of fissionable material in container cargoes poses a significant nuclear security risk.
  • Existing active interrogation techniques (X-ray, tagged neutron) are limited by high container traffic volumes.
  • Enhanced maritime security measures are crucial following global security events.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the feasibility of passive detection techniques for identifying fissionable materials, specifically plutonium, in maritime container transport.
  • To assess if small passive detectors can register neutron irradiation from nuclear materials during transit.
  • To evaluate passive sensors as a complementary layer to existing security frameworks.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Monte-Carlo simulations to model neutron irradiation scenarios.

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  • Investigated the effectiveness of various passive detector materials.
  • Focused on a reference case simulating typical container fill and transport duration (2 months).

    • Main Results:

    • An iridium activation foil was identified as the most compatible passive detector for the reference case.
    • Simulations indicated a measurable activity (1.2 Bq) for a specific iridium foil irradiated by Reactor-Grade Plutonium Dioxide (PuO2).
    • Detector response significantly decreases with variations in container fill, isotopic composition, and plutonium source form.

    Conclusions:

    • Passive detection using iridium foils presents a viable supplementary method for enhancing nuclear security in maritime container transport.
    • The study details a theoretical framework for selecting target materials for plutonium detection, applicable to other scenarios.
    • Passive sensors can be integrated into a multi-layered defense strategy against illicit trafficking of nuclear materials.