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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

A Reporter Assay to Analyze Intronic microRNA Maturation in Mammalian Cells
06:48

A Reporter Assay to Analyze Intronic microRNA Maturation in Mammalian Cells

Published on: June 16, 2022

How to control miRNA maturation?

Michele Trabucchi1, Paola Briata, Witold Filipowicz

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department and School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.

RNA Biology
|October 31, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores how co-activators and co-repressors regulate microRNA (miRNA) precursor maturation. It discusses their potential post-translational regulation by signaling pathways and roles in cell proliferation and differentiation.

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

A Reporter Assay to Analyze Intronic microRNA Maturation in Mammalian Cells
06:48

A Reporter Assay to Analyze Intronic microRNA Maturation in Mammalian Cells

Published on: June 16, 2022

mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation
06:16

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Published on: May 1, 2021

Biotin-based Pulldown Assay to Validate mRNA Targets of Cellular miRNAs
11:00

Biotin-based Pulldown Assay to Validate mRNA Targets of Cellular miRNAs

Published on: June 12, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Gene Regulation

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression.
  • The maturation of miRNA precursors involves complex regulatory mechanisms.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for deciphering cellular processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the function of co-activators and co-repressors in miRNA precursor maturation.
  • To explore the post-translational regulation of these factors by signaling pathways.
  • To highlight their role in controlling cell proliferation and differentiation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways impacting miRNA biogenesis.
  • Discussion of experimental evidence linking miRNA regulators to cell fate.

Main Results:

  • Co-activators and co-repressors play critical roles in miRNA precursor processing.
  • Signaling pathways can modulate the activity of these regulatory factors post-translationally.
  • Dysregulation of these factors can impact cell proliferation and differentiation.

Conclusions:

  • Post-translational modifications offer a layer of control over miRNA maturation.
  • These regulatory networks are integral to maintaining cellular homeostasis.
  • Targeting these pathways may offer therapeutic strategies for diseases involving aberrant cell growth or differentiation.