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Related Concept Videos

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Woodward–Fieser Rules01:29

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Woodward–Fieser Rules

UV–Visible absorption spectra of conjugated dienes arise from the lowest energy π → π* transitions. The light-absorbing part of the molecule is called the chromophore, and the substituents directly attached to the chromophore are called auxochromes. A strong correlation exists between the absorption maxima, λmax, and the structure of a conjugated π system. The Woodward–Fieser rules predict the value of λmax for a given structure by adding the contributions...
¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)01:20

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)

When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...
UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Systems01:32

UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Systems

Organic compounds with conjugated double bonds show strong absorption features in the UV–visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum attributed to π → π* electronic excitations. Generally, a UV–vis absorption spectrum is recorded as a plot of absorbance vs wavelength. The wavelength of maximum absorbance, which manifests as a peak in the absorption spectrum, is denoted as λmax.
One of the factors influencing λmax is the extent of conjugation in the...
Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy01:37

Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy

Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (SRFM) provides a better resolution than conventional fluorescence microscopy by reducing the point spread function (PSF). PSF is the light intensity distribution from a point that causes it to appear blurred. Due to PSF, each fluorescing point appears bigger than its actual size, and it is the PSF interference of nearby fluorophores that causes the blurred image. Various approaches to achieving higher resolution through SRFM have recently been developed.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Photodynamic Therapy with Blended Conducting Polymer/Fullerene Nanoparticle Photosensitizers
09:45

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Published on: October 28, 2015

Enhanced optical limiting in derivatized fullerenes.

L Smilowitz, D McBranch, V Klimov

    Optics Letters
    |October 31, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary

    We observed enhanced optical limiting in a functionalized fullerene (phenyl-C(61)-butyric acid cholesteryl ester). This fullerene derivative shows promise for optical limiting applications in the red and near-infrared regions.

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    Published on: August 22, 2017

    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Optics
    • Nanoscience

    Background:

    • Fullerenes (C60) exhibit optical limiting properties.
    • Functionalization of fullerenes can enhance their optical characteristics.
    • Optical limiters protect sensitive optical components from high-intensity laser light.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the optical limiting behavior of a derivatized fullerene, phenyl-C(61)-butyric acid cholesteryl ester.
    • To determine the effectiveness of this fullerene derivative as an optical limiter across various wavelengths.
    • To explore the underlying mechanisms responsible for the observed optical limiting.

    Main Methods:

    • Transient absorption spectroscopy to identify spectral and temporal regions of interest.
    • Intensity-dependent transmission measurements at multiple wavelengths.
    • Synthesis and characterization of phenyl-C(61)-butyric acid cholesteryl ester.

    Main Results:

    • Enhanced optical limiting was observed for the derivatized fullerene from 532 to 700 nm.
    • Reverse saturable absorption mechanism identified as key to optical limiting in C60 and its derivatives.
    • Predicted and confirmed enhanced optical limiting at longer wavelengths.

    Conclusions:

    • Phenyl-C(61)-butyric acid cholesteryl ester exhibits significant optical limiting performance.
    • Increased solubility and broadened absorption of the functionalized fullerene are advantageous.
    • This derivatized fullerene is suitable for optical limiter applications in the red and near-infrared spectrum.