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Related Concept Videos

Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

Standing Waves in a Cavity

A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
Oscillations In An LC Circuit01:30

Oscillations In An LC Circuit

An idealized LC circuit of zero resistance can oscillate without any source of emf by shifting the energy stored in the circuit between the electric and magnetic fields. In such an LC circuit, if the capacitor contains a charge q before the switch is closed, then all the energy of the circuit is initially stored in the electric field of the capacitor. This energy is given by
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
MOSFET: Enhancement Mode01:22

MOSFET: Enhancement Mode

Enhancement-mode MOSFETs are pivotal components in electronics, distinguished by their capacity to act as highly efficient switches. They are part of the larger family of metal-oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs). They are available in two types: p-channel and n-channel, each tailored to specific polarity operations.
In their basic form, enhancement-mode MOSFETs are typically non-conductive when the gate-source voltage (Vgs) is zero. This default 'off' state means no current...
¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene π orbitals.

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Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
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Three coupled oscillators: normal mode coupling in a microcavity with two different quantum wells.

E K Lindmark, T R Nelson, G Khitrova

    Optics Letters
    |October 31, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers studied normal mode coupling in GaAs/AlAs microcavities with two quantum wells. Experimental results showed three-dip reflectivity spectra, confirming three coupled oscillators, aligning well with theoretical models.

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    Area of Science:

    • Semiconductor physics
    • Optics
    • Materials science

    Background:

    • Microcavities confine light and matter interactions.
    • Quantum wells are crucial for optoelectronic devices.
    • Normal mode coupling is key to understanding light-matter interactions in nanostructures.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • Investigate normal mode coupling in GaAs/AlAs microcavities.
    • Analyze the optical properties of microcavities with dual quantum wells.
    • Validate theoretical models against experimental observations.

    Main Methods:

    • Growth of Gallium Arsenide/Aluminum Arsenide (GaAs/AlAs) microcavities.
    • Optical characterization using reflectivity spectra measurements.
    • Theoretical modeling employing nonlocal dielectric response and transfer matrix methods.

    Main Results:

    • Observation of three-dip reflectivity spectra, indicative of three coupled oscillators.
    • Experimental data demonstrates strong coupling regime.
    • Theoretical model accurately reproduces experimental findings.

    Conclusions:

    • GaAs/AlAs microcavities with dual quantum wells exhibit complex coupled oscillator behavior.
    • The study validates the theoretical model for predicting optical responses.
    • Normal mode coupling in such systems is well-described by nonlocal dielectric theory.