Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−
06:53

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−

Published on: July 27, 2018

High-precision intensity-selective observation of multiphoton ionization: a new method of photoelectron spectroscopy

P Hansch, L D Van Woerkom

    Optics Letters
    |October 31, 2009
    PubMed

    More Related Videos

    Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser09:00

    Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser

    Published on: June 28, 2018

    Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization08:22

    Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization

    Published on: August 6, 2018

    Related Concept Videos

    Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

    Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

    Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
    There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.
    Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

    Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

    The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
    Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview01:19

    Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview

    In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then passed on to...
    Chemical Ionization (CI) Mass Spectrometry01:21

    Chemical Ionization (CI) Mass Spectrometry

    The molecular ion peak of a molecule in the mass spectrum provides vital information for molecular identification. However, conventional electron impact ionization can lead to the rapid dissociation of some molecular ions before they reach the detector. A milder ionization method is required to increase the lifetime of such ionized analyte molecules. Chemical ionization (CI) is a gas-phase protonation reaction useful for mass-analyzing analyte molecules that are easily protonated to yield the...
    Mass Spectrum: Interpretation01:24

    Mass Spectrum: Interpretation

    An unknown compound can be established by identifying the molecular ion peak in the mass spectrum. The molecular ion peak is often weak or absent due to the predominance of fragmentation in high-energy electron beams. In such cases, a soft-energy electron beam can be used to scan the spectrum to enhance the intensity of the molecular ion peak. Additionally, chemical ionization, field ionization, and desorption ionization spectra are used to obtain a relatively intense molecular ion peak.To...
    Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle01:19

    Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle

    Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the most widely used plasma source in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), also known as Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The ICP source, or torch, consists of three concentric quartz tubes with argon gas flowing through them. A spark from a Tesla coil initiates the ionization of argon, generating a high-temperature plasma.
    The ions and electrons produced interact with the fluctuating magnetic field created by a water-cooled...