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Related Concept Videos

Transcytosis of IgG01:15

Transcytosis of IgG

Transcytosis is the process in which molecules are internalized by endocytosis, transported across the cell, and released through exocytosis from the opposite end of the cell. Molecules such as insulin, immunoglobulins, and certain nutrients are transferred through the recycling endosomes by recycling and transcytosis.
IgG molecules from a mother undergo transcytosis starting around 13 weeks of gestation. The amount of IgG transferred and entering the fetal blood circulation increases with...
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
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Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Isolation of Leukocytes from the Murine Tissues at the Maternal-Fetal Interface
07:51

Isolation of Leukocytes from the Murine Tissues at the Maternal-Fetal Interface

Published on: May 21, 2015

Split immunological tolerance to trophoblast.

Amanda de Mestre1, Leela Noronha, Bettina Wagner

  • 1Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, UK.

The International Journal of Developmental Biology
|October 31, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Equine pregnancy involves split immunological tolerance, where mares show robust antibody responses but diminished cytotoxic T cell responses to paternal antigens. This study reveals distinct immune cell profiles in peripheral blood versus endometrial cups, supporting tolerance at the maternal-fetal interface.

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Published on: July 25, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Reproductive Biology
  • Veterinary Science

Background:

  • Split immunological tolerance describes compartmentalized immune responses to antigens.
  • This phenomenon is crucial in maternal-fetal relationships, especially in equine pregnancy.
  • Pregnant mares exhibit differential immune responses to paternal Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) antigens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare lymphocyte subsets and immune marker expression in pregnant versus non-pregnant mares.
  • To investigate differences in immune cell populations between peripheral blood and the equine maternal-fetal interface (endometrial cups).

Main Methods:

  • Flow cytometry was used to analyze lymphocyte subsets (T cells, B cells, NK cells).
  • Expression of Interferon Gamma (IFNG) and Interleukin 4 (IL4) was quantified.
  • Levels of the transcription factor FOXP3 were assessed in lymphocytes from peripheral blood and endometrial cups.

Main Results:

  • Peripheral blood lymphocyte populations showed minimal changes between pregnant and non-pregnant states.
  • Endometrial cups exhibited significantly higher numbers of IFNG-producing lymphocytes and FOXP3+ cells compared to peripheral blood.
  • Lymphocytes from endometrial cups had lower proportions of IL4-producing cells than those in peripheral blood.

Conclusions:

  • The findings support a state of split tolerance to trophoblast antigens in pregnant mares.
  • Distinct immune cell distributions and reactivity exist between peripheral circulation and the maternal-fetal interface.
  • These differences highlight specialized immune adaptations during equine pregnancy.