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Primary plasma cell leukemia: a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database analysis between 1973 and 2004
Giridharan Ramsingh1, Paul Mehan, Jingqin Luo
1Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA. gramsing@dom.wustl.edu
Background:
Primary plasma cell leukemia (PCL) is a rare plasma cell disorder, and current knowledge regarding survival in this disease is limited to small series of patients. Although there has been significant improvement in the survival of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) over the past few decades, it is not known whether there has been a similar trend for PCL.
Methods:
The authors analyzed the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to evaluate the characteristics and survival of patients who had PCL compared with those of patients who had MM.
Results:
Among 291 patients with PCL, the median age was 67 years (range, 19-98 years), the distribution of men and women was nearly equal, and the majority of patients were white (79.4%). The median overall survival (OS) was 4 months and the median disease-specific survival (DSS) was 6 months for patients with PCL; the 1-year, 2-year, and 5-year OS rates were 27.8%, 14.1%, and 6.4%, respectively. There were no survival differences noted according to sex or race. Patients aged<60 years were found to have a better median OS compared with patients aged>or=60 years (median OS, 7 months vs 3 months; P=.007), although the 5-year OS was equally poor in both groups (6.3% vs 6.4%, respectively). During the same period, 49,106 patients with MM were identified. Unlike MM, in which there has been a modest but statistically significant improvement in OS and DSS noted over time, no significant improvement was evident for PCL.
Conclusions:
The poor long-term outcome and the lack of survival improvement in PCL suggest the need for better therapeutic options for these patients.
Insights
Primary plasma cell leukemia (PCL) survival remains poor with a median of 4 months, showing no improvement over time. This rare plasma cell disorder necessitates the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Oncology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Primary plasma cell leukemia (PCL) is a rare plasma cell neoplasm with limited survival data.
- Survival trends in PCL are unknown, unlike the improvements seen in multiple myeloma (MM).
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the characteristics and survival of PCL patients with MM patients.
- To investigate survival trends in PCL over time.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.
- Comparison of demographic and survival data between PCL and MM cohorts.
Main Results:
- PCL patients (n=291) had a median overall survival (OS) of 4 months and disease-specific survival (DSS) of 6 months.
- No significant improvement in OS or DSS was observed for PCL over time, contrasting with MM.
- Younger patients (<60 years) had better median OS, but 5-year survival remained poor for all age groups.
Conclusions:
- PCL is associated with poor long-term outcomes.
- The lack of survival improvement highlights an urgent need for enhanced therapeutic approaches for PCL.