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Related Concept Videos

Proofreading01:31

Proofreading

Synthesis of new DNA molecules is carried out by the enzyme DNA polymerase, which adds nucleotides on the daughter strand complementary to the template DNA strand. DNA polymerase has a higher affinity to add the correct base and ensures fidelity during DNA replication. Furthermore,  it exhibits proofreading activity during replication, using an exonuclease domain that cuts off incorrect nucleotides from the nascent DNA strand.
Errors During Replication are Corrected by the DNA Polymerase Enzyme
Proofreading01:43

Proofreading

Synthesis of new DNA molecules starts when DNA polymerase links nucleotides together in a sequence that is complementary to the template DNA strand. DNA polymerase has a higher affinity for the correct base to ensure fidelity in DNA replication. The DNA polymerase furthermore proofreads during replication, using an exonuclease domain that cuts off incorrect nucleotides from the nascent DNA strand.Errors during Replication Are Corrected by the DNA Polymerase EnzymeGenomic DNA is synthesized in...
Translesion DNA Polymerases02:10

Translesion DNA Polymerases

Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide across the damaged site. Doing so, TLS allows additional time for the cell to repair the damage before resuming regular DNA replication.
TLS polymerases are found in all three domains of life - archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. Of the different classes of TLS polymerases, members of the Y family are fitted with specialized structures that...
The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication forks, one in...
Overview of DNA Repair02:25

Overview of DNA Repair

In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...
Overview of DNA Repair02:25

Overview of DNA Repair

In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Proofreading and DNA Repair Assay Using Single Nucleotide Extension and MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Analysis
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Published on: June 19, 2018

[Research progress on DNA polymerase beta and genetic instability].

Mei Wu1, Zunzhen Zhang

  • 1West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.

Wei Sheng Yan Jiu = Journal of Hygiene Research
|November 3, 2009
PubMed
Summary

DNA polymerase beta (pol beta) is crucial for DNA repair but its lack of proofreading may cause genome instability and contribute to cancer. Its role in tumorigenesis requires further investigation.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • DNA polymerase beta (pol beta) is a key enzyme in DNA base excision repair (BER).
  • Pol beta is essential for maintaining genome stability and integrity.
  • Pol beta lacks 3' to 5' proofreading activity, impacting DNA synthesis fidelity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the structure and function of DNA polymerase beta.
  • To explore the relationship between pol beta and genome instability.
  • To examine the abnormal expression and mutation of pol beta in tumors.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on DNA polymerase beta.
  • Analysis of studies on pol beta's role in DNA repair mechanisms.
  • Examination of data linking pol beta to genetic instability and cancer.

Main Results:

  • DNA polymerase beta's function in DNA repair is well-established.
  • Its lack of proofreading activity is linked to potential errors in DNA synthesis.
  • Conflicting findings exist regarding pol beta's precise role in genetic instability and cancer development.

Conclusions:

  • DNA polymerase beta is vital for genome maintenance but its error-prone nature may contribute to instability.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the exact mechanisms of pol beta in tumorigenesis.
  • Understanding pol beta's function and dysregulation is crucial for cancer research.