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Related Concept Videos

Neural Circuits01:25

Neural Circuits

Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
Neuronal pools are collections of nerve cells with similar functions and interact through chemical and electrical signals. These pools include both interneurons (the central neural circuit nodes that...
Regulation of Food Intake01:30

Regulation of Food Intake

Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System01:15

Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System

The limbic system, often called the "emotional brain," is a complex set of structures located deep within the brain. The intricate network of the limbic system supports a wide range of psychological functions, from emotional regulation to memory formation and sensory processing. This functional brain region encompasses specific parts of the diencephalon and the cerebrum, integrating the higher mental functions of the cerebral cortex with the primitive emotional responses of the deep brain...
Diencephalon: Thalamus and Information Relay01:27

Diencephalon: Thalamus and Information Relay

The thalamus, often called “the gateway to the cerebral cortex,” is vital in processing and directing sensory and motor signals throughout the brain. Almost all inputs destined for the cerebral cortex, except for olfactory signals, are relayed through the thalamus. The thalamus is  a sophisticated relay station, channeling information from various brain regions to the cerebral cortex, as well as a filter, prioritizing certain signals over others based on current physiological states or needs.
Neuronal Communication01:28

Neuronal Communication

Neurons, the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, communicate through complex electrochemical signals that underpin all cognitive and bodily functions. This communication is primarily facilitated by a process involving the generation and propagation of an action potential along the axon of the neuron. When the internal electrical charge of a neuron surpasses a certain threshold, an action potential is triggered. This rapid change in voltage travels swiftly along the axon to the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

A Do-it-yourself System for Scheduled Feeding of Laboratory Rodents in Their Home Cage
04:49

A Do-it-yourself System for Scheduled Feeding of Laboratory Rodents in Their Home Cage

Published on: June 6, 2025

Feeding signals and brain circuitry.

Marcelo O Dietrich1, Tamas L Horvath

  • 1Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.

The European Journal of Neuroscience
|November 3, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This review explores how the brain

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Endocrinology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Food intake regulation is crucial for animal survival and energy balance.
  • Circadian rhythms significantly influence feeding patterns and food availability.
  • Hormonal, cellular, and molecular mechanisms underlying food intake are actively researched.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent discoveries in the regulation of food intake.
  • To highlight the role of the hypothalamus in energy metabolism.
  • To discuss the impact of peripheral hormones on neuronal plasticity in the brain.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article, synthesizing existing research.
  • Literature search on hormonal, cellular, and molecular mechanisms of food intake.

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Simultaneous Detection of c-Fos Activation from Mesolimbic and Mesocortical Dopamine Reward Sites Following Naive Sugar and Fat Ingestion in Rats
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Simultaneous Detection of c-Fos Activation from Mesolimbic and Mesocortical Dopamine Reward Sites Following Naive Sugar and Fat Ingestion in Rats

Published on: August 24, 2016

Functional Analysis of the Larval Feeding Circuit in Drosophila
09:23

Functional Analysis of the Larval Feeding Circuit in Drosophila

Published on: November 19, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

A Do-it-yourself System for Scheduled Feeding of Laboratory Rodents in Their Home Cage
04:49

A Do-it-yourself System for Scheduled Feeding of Laboratory Rodents in Their Home Cage

Published on: June 6, 2025

Simultaneous Detection of c-Fos Activation from Mesolimbic and Mesocortical Dopamine Reward Sites Following Naive Sugar and Fat Ingestion in Rats
08:07

Simultaneous Detection of c-Fos Activation from Mesolimbic and Mesocortical Dopamine Reward Sites Following Naive Sugar and Fat Ingestion in Rats

Published on: August 24, 2016

Functional Analysis of the Larval Feeding Circuit in Drosophila
09:23

Functional Analysis of the Larval Feeding Circuit in Drosophila

Published on: November 19, 2013

  • Focus on hypothalamic regulation and neuronal plasticity.

    • Main Results:

    • The hypothalamus plays a central role in regulating energy balance.
    • Neuronal plasticity in the hypothalamus is influenced by hormones like leptin and ghrelin.
    • Peripheral hormones interact with central neural circuits to control feeding behavior.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding the neuroendocrine regulation of food intake is advancing rapidly.
    • The hypothalamus is a key integration center for metabolic control.
    • Future research will further elucidate the complex interplay between peripheral signals and central feeding circuits.