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Related Experiment Videos

[Thyroid carcinoma].

H Namba1, M Izumi

  • 1Department of 1st Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Japan.

Gan to Kagaku Ryoho. Cancer & Chemotherapy
|January 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human cancers develop from sequential gene mutations. Thyroid tumors show specific genetic changes, including ras oncogene mutations and ret/trk gene rearrangements, aiding early detection of inherited medullary thyroid carcinoma.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Context:

  • Human neoplasms result from accumulated mutations in growth-controlling genes.
  • Tumorigenesis typically involves 5-6 distinct mutational steps.
  • Specific genes are frequently altered in particular tumor types.

Purpose:

  • To investigate genetic alterations in thyroid neoplasms.
  • To identify specific gene mutations and rearrangements in thyroid tumors.
  • To explore the genetic basis of medullary thyroid carcinoma.

Summary:

  • Thyroid tumors exhibit specific genetic abnormalities, including ras oncogene point mutations (H-ras codon 12) in 20-25% of follicular adenomas and papillary carcinomas.
  • Gene rearrangements involving the ret oncogene tyrosine kinase domain were identified in approximately 25% of papillary carcinomas.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Medullary thyroid carcinoma, a C-cell tumor, has inherited forms linked to germ line abnormalities on chromosome 10 (MEN type 2a), detectable via DNA markers.

    • Impact:

    • Identified key genetic alterations in thyroid cancer, such as ras and ret/trk mutations.
    • Established the role of specific oncogene mutations in thyroid tumorigenesis.
    • Facilitated early detection of inherited medullary thyroid carcinoma through genetic markers.